Food Safety: The Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination in Fish

Pietsch, Constanze

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89002

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…DON is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurring mainly in cereal grains used to elaborate feeding for fish. As a result, DON is also known for its high prevalence and incidence in both feed ingredients and feed end-products in Europe [ 33 ]. For instance, high concentration of DON in sea bream feeds due to wheat ingredient has been reported [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

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Pallarés

Barba

et al. 2021

Foods

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In this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction; PLE) to obtain antioxidant protein extracts. Then, a response surface methodology-central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize the PLE extraction factors (pH, temperature, and extraction time) in terms of total protein content and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC). Heavy metals were found in all samples while DON mycotoxin only in viscera, both far below the safe limits established by authorities for fish muscle tissue and fish feed, respectively. The selected optimal PLE extraction conditions were pH 7, 20 °C, 5 min for muscle, pH 4, 60 °C, 15 min for heads, pH 7, 50 °C, 15 min for viscera, pH 7, 55 °C, 5 min for skin, and pH 7, 60 °C, 15 min for tailfins. Optimal PLE conditions allowed increasing protein content (1.2–4.5 fold) and antioxidant capacity (1–5 fold) of sea bass side stream extracts compared to controls (conventional extraction). The highest amount of protein was extracted from muscle while the highest protein recovery percentage was found in viscera. Muscle, head, and viscera extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity than skin and tailfin extracts. Moreover, different SDS-PAGE patterns were observed among samples and a greater quantity of protein fragments of lower molecular weight were found in optimal than control extracts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DON is considered to be rapidly metabolized and excreted by fish, thus producing low retention in tissues [ 33 ]. However, DON was evenly distributed in muscle, liver, kidney, skin, and brain of Atlantic salmon fed with contaminated feed for 2 months [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

Fuente

Pallarés

Barba

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Unlike Aflatoxin that is susceptible to age and species of the fish, Fumonisin affects all species with low toxicity to the kidneys and liver. According to Pietsch, each species and age of fish has its level of sensitivity, with younger fish being more susceptible (Pietsch, 2019). This could also be explained through their rate of metabolism of FB1 in the liver by the younger species.…”

Section: Effects Of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin To Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Fish Feeds, Kenya A Review

2021

JBAH

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Fish is a protein source and constitutes other significant nutrients that have been crucial to human health. Aquaculture in Kenya has grown faster than any other food production sector, with fish feeds being prepared from different cereal products commonly contaminated by Mycotoxins. But controlling the growth of fungi that cause mycotoxin has been a challenge due to conditions that enable their development. With fish contamination primarily ignored, there is still high consumption of fish being propagated by improved and increased aquacultural activities. There have been various qualitative and quantitative assessments on Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in animal feed and food with little focus on fish feed which might be the most significant risk factor for cancer development. Kenya's high occurrence warranted the current review, which describes sources of fish feeds, conditions for mould growth, exposure of fish too contaminated feeds, decontamination of fish feed and feed ingredients, effects of Fumonisin and Aflatoxin on fish and human, risk characterization and management strategies. This review provides a platform and insights to novice researchers to pave the way for future research in the area.

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Risk assessment for mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds in Europe

Pietsch

2019

Mycotoxin Res

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Mycotoxins are difficult to monitor continuously, and a tool to assess the risk would help to judge if there is a particular risk due to the inclusion of certain feed ingredients. For this, the toxin contents of 97 commercial fish feeds have been estimated, and the most prominent toxins in fish feed are calculated to be deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and enniatins. These pose a risk to fish well-being, as can be calculated by the Bayesian models for determining the critical concentrations 5% (CC5) for the different toxins. Besides fishmeal, wheat, soybean products and corn are regularly used as fish feed ingredients. The calculated scenarios show that fish are at high risk of toxin contamination if feed ingredients of low quality are chosen for feed production. Due to this, specific maximum allowable levels for several mycotoxins in fish feeds should be established.

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Food Safety: The Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination in Fish

Cited by 7 publications

References 182 publications

An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Fish Feeds, Kenya A Review

Risk assessment for mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds in Europe

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