Food Safety Issues and Challenges of GM Crops

Ahmad, Niaz; Raza, Ghulam; Waheed, Tahir; Mukhtar, Zahid

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820780-2.00016-9

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The global demand for food is growing daily with the increasing world population, while the area under crop cultivation is decreasing due to salinization and intensive urbanization. Worldwide, food production needs to rise by approximately 57% by 2050 to overcome the increasing gap between food demand and supply [ 18 , 19 ]. A pragmatic approach to this problem is the development of stress-tolerant plant species that can grow on marginal lands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas

Farooq

Khan

Ahmed

et al. 2023

Plants

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Brassica species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid Brassica species having different genomes, Brassica juncea (AABB, n = 18) and Brassica napus (AACC, n = 19), to elevated levels of NaCl concentration (300 mM, half the salinity of seawater). B. juncea produced more biomass, an increased chlorophyll content, and fewer accumulated sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions in its photosynthesizing tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that the reaction centers of PSII of B. juncea were more photoprotected and hence more active than those of B. napus under NaCl stress, which, in turn, resulted in a better PSII quantum efficiency, better utilization of photochemical energy with significantly reduced energy loss, and higher electron transport rates, even under stressful conditions. The expression of key genes responsible for salt tolerance (NHX1 and AVP1, which are nuclear-encoded) and photosynthesis (psbA, psaA, petB, and rbcL, which are chloroplast-encoded) were monitored for their genetic differences underlying stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the expression of NHX1, D1, and Rubisco increased several folds in B. juncea plants compared to B. napus, highlighting differences in genetics between these two Brassicas. The higher photosynthetic potential under stress suggests that B. juncea is a promising candidate for genetic modifications and its cultivation on marginal lands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas

Farooq

Khan

Ahmed

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…There is a lot of information about the beneficial properties of genetically modified foods, for example, that GM crops are more productive than conventional crops, they reduce the use of toxic chemicals, pathogen infestation, the need for production costs, have a longer shelf life of perishable products, etc. (Udovic et al, 2013;Ahmad et al, 2021). In addition, GM crops can contribute to increased biodiversity by incorporating new traits into field crops, expanding the range of germplasm used in cultivation (Schulman, 2020).…”

Section: Baljimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary assessment of the safety of genetically modified food products are in clinical trials, issued as an opinion on the quality and safety of GM products (Ahmad et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

Animal Science and Food Technology

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Numerous studies on genetically modified food products indicate their safety and their potential to alleviate hunger worldwide. However, the issue of GM products and feeds remains relevant in the realm of food security. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive scheme of methods for determining the safety of GM food products and to develop a new method for assessing the safety of GM food products. This new method is based on the use of a biotest and the employment of Paramecium caudatum infusoria. In the study, GTS 40-3 and GTS 40-3-2 (Venus variety) soybeans, MON 00603 (NK 603) maize line, and non-GMO soybeans and maize were used as controls. Infusoria were prepared by culturing them in room temperature water (18-23°C) without direct sunlight, with the addition of non-GMO yeast powder as a nutrient solution and senna extract. Subsequently, the initial material containing approximately 100 infusoria was transferred to 100 ml flasks and incubated for 2-3 days. At the initial stage of the experiment, from day 1 to day 15, daily records and visual assessments were conducted. The assessment included the quantity of infusoria, motility (chemotaxis), size, shape, and the percentage of dead infusoria. Venus soybeans (GTS 40-3-2) exhibited a toxic effect on the protozoa, which died in repeated trials on the 14th-15th day of feeding. It was observed that infusoria fed with soybeans containing the GTS 40-3-2 (Venus) transformation event changed their shape after 3 days from the start of the experiment. Over the course of 10 days from the beginning of the study, a decrease in movement, motility, and the quantity of infusoria was noted. On the 14th-15th day, mortality was observed. Negative changes were also observed in infusoria that were fed with MON 00603 (NK 603) maize. The application of this method in the practice of assessing the safety of GM food products can provide a preliminary evaluation of long-term effects over a relatively short period Keywords: feeds; biotest; infusoria; toxicity; long-term effects the following indicators: toxicokinetics; genotoxicity; the potential allergenicity; potential colonisation in the gastrointestinal tract (in the presence of genetically modified live microorganisms as a source); the results of subchronic (90-day) toxicological experiments on laboratory animals and studies on human volunteers.

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Intended and unintended consequences of genetically modified crops – myth, fact and/or manageable outcomes?

Caradus¹

2022

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Food Safety Issues and Challenges of GM Crops

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas

Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas

Untitled

Intended and unintended consequences of genetically modified crops – myth, fact and/or manageable outcomes?

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