Food quality score and the risk of coronary artery disease: a prospective analysis in 3 cohorts

Fung, Teresa T.; Pan, An; Hou, Tao; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Rexrode, Kathryn M.; Willett, Walter C.; Hu, Frank B.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.130393

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies have shown that poor dietary quality, characterized by lower intakes of fiber, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and a higher intake of unhealthy fats are associated higher risk for diabetes, 23 cardiovascular diseases, 24 certain types of cancer, 25 decline in physical and cognitive functions, 26,27 fall injuries, 28 hip fractures, 29 and earlier loss of independent living. 30,31 Racial differences in diet quality may contribute to health disparities in older age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Youssef

Procter-Gray

et al. 2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives To examine differences in diet and food purchasing behaviors between Black and White older women living in urban neighborhoods. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Urban neighborhoods in Washington, DC, USA. Participants Community-dwelling White and Black women of age 65 and older. Measurements Participants were queried on diet via 24-hour recalls, food purchasing habits, their use of neighborhood resources and local travel patterns. Frequency and location of self-reported food purchasing and consumption were compared by race. Results In 2014 and 2015, 49 White and 44 Black older women were enrolled in the study. Compared to Whites, Blacks reported lower daily caloric intake (mean (SD) 1314 (404) vs. 1529 (448), p=0.02), with a higher percent of calories from protein and fat 1.8 (7.0), p=0.03), and a slightly higher polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio (p=0.05). Blacks had substantially lower healthy eating index (HEI) (33.5 (10.2) vs. 43.9 (10.8) of 80 possible points, p<0.001), daily intake (grams) of total fiber (15.3 (8.1) vs. 22.9 (8.5), p<0.001), insoluble fiber (10.8 (6.9) vs. 15.9 (6.5), p<0.001), and soluble fiber (4.5 (2.0) vs. 6.9 (2.8), p<0.001). Blacks had lower intake of micronutrients, alcohol and caffeine. Blacks shopped for groceries less often (4.4 (3.0) vs. 6.2 (3.0) monthly; p=0.006) and spent a longer time traveling to stores (15.8 (9.1) vs. 11.5 (7.2) minutes per trip, p=0.02). A lower percent of Blacks walked to stores (14% vs. 40%, p=0.003) and a higher percent of Blacks rode in a car with someone else (33% vs. 6%, p<0.001). Conclusions In an urban setting, food consumption and purchasing behaviors differed substantially between older Black and White women, which should be further investigated and considered to promote healthy eating in older populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Youssef

Procter-Gray

et al. 2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…Food intake over the past year was assessed using the blue 131-item self-reported and semi-quantitative Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ DA 80), which has been extensively validated [ 21 , 22 ]. As described previously, respondents were asked to select one of nine levels for each standardized food item, based on average frequency of consumption in the past year [ 23 ]. The nine options ranged from “never, or less than once per month” to “six or more times per day”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unless otherwise indicated, average nutrient intake was calculated by multiplying nutrient values (by mass) from the Harvard University Food Composition Database and the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference [ 23 , 25 , 26 ]. Results from each source of a particular nutrient were added to represent estimated total intake for specific nutrients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function

Pignanelli¹,

Just

Bogiatzi

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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Metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that accumulate in renal failure (gut-derived uremic toxins, GDUTs) affect atherosclerosis and increase cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that patients on a Mediterranean diet and those consuming lower amounts of dietary precursors would have lower levels of GDUTs. Patients attending vascular prevention clinics completed a Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and had plasma levels of TMAO, p-cresylsulfate, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, phenyl acetyl glutamine, and phenyl sulfate measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Carotid plaque burden was measured by ultrasound; CKD-Epi equations were used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. In total, 276 patients completed the study. Even moderate renal function significantly increased plasma GDUTs, which were significantly associated with higher carotid plaque burden. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of any GDUT associated with a Mediterranean diet score or with intake of dietary precursors. In omnivorous patients with vascular disease, the intake of dietary precursors of intestinal metabolites or adherence to a Mediterranean diet did not change plasma GDUT. Approaches other than diet, such as probiotics and repopulation of the intestinal microbiome, may be required to mitigate the adverse effects of GDUTs.

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“…Poor dietary habits are one of the critical environmental factors for CAD occurrence in general population [ 7 ]. Conversely, healthy dietary patterns—characterized by high intake of low-fat dairy products, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits—are associated with a lower risk of death due to CAD and a lower risk of non-fatal MI incidence within nearly 28 years of observation [ 8 ]. Inadequate nutrition and smoking are highly prevalent among cardiovascular patients [ 9 ] and may cluster with other unfavorable behaviors such as excessive drinking and low activity level [ 10 ], increasing the cumulative effect of multiple risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease (P-CAD)—A Non-Modifiable Risk Factor? Dietary Patterns of Young Healthy Offspring of P-CAD Patients: A Case-Control Study (MAGNETIC Project)

et al. 2018

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Dietary habits of healthy offspring with a positive family history of premature coronary artery disease (P-CAD) have not been studied so far. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to identify dietary patterns in a sample of young healthy adults with (cases) and without (controls) family history of P-CAD, and (2) to study the association between dietary patterns and family history of P-CAD. The data came from the MAGNETIC case-control study. The participants were healthy adults aged 18–35 years old, with (n = 351) and without a family history of P-CAD (n = 338). Dietary data were collected with food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6. Dietary patterns (DP) were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). The associations between the adherence to DPs and family history of P-CAD were investigated using logistic regression. Two models were created: crude and adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, place of residence, financial situation, education, and physical activity at leisure time. Three DPs were identified: ‘prudent’, ‘westernized traditional’ and ‘dairy, breakfast cereals, and treats’. In both crude and adjusted models, subjects with family history of P-CAD showed higher adherence by 31% and 25% to ‘westernized traditional’ DP (odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.12–1.53; p < 0.005; per 1 unit of standard deviation (SD) of DP score and adjOR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06–1.48; p = 0.007; per 1 unit of SD of DP score, respectively). Young healthy adults with family history of P-CAD present unfavorable dietary patterns and are potentially a target group for CAD primary prevention programs.

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Food quality score and the risk of coronary artery disease: a prospective analysis in 3 cohorts

Abstract: A higher food-based diet quality score was associated with lower risk of CAD and was comparable with established diet scores.

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function

Family History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease (P-CAD)—A Non-Modifiable Risk Factor? Dietary Patterns of Young Healthy Offspring of P-CAD Patients: A Case-Control Study (MAGNETIC Project)

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