Food quality of Ephestia eggs, the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and mixed diet for Orius majusculus

Toft, Sune; Sørensen, Jesper Givskov; Sigsgaard, Lene; Holmstrup, Martin

doi:10.1111/jen.12739

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The quality of host plants can directly affect the growth, development and performance of insect herbivores (Saeed et al., 2010; Toft et al., 2020). We found that caterpillars consuming I. aquatica or B. oleracea had greater body length, body mass and shorter developmental duration in the non‐infected treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐mediated effects on life history traits of entomovirus infected caterpillars ofSpodoptera exigua

Wang

Fan

Siemann

et al. 2021

J Applied Entomology

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It has been reported that host plants are able to mediate the interactions between insect herbivores and entomoviruses, but how plants affect growth, development, detoxifying enzymes and metabolic enzymes of herbivores infected by entomoviruses has only rarely been studied so far. We compared growth, development duration, activity of a detoxifying enzyme (carboxylesterase) and a metabolic enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) of a caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua) infected with an entomovirus (SeMNPV) or left non‐infected that were fed one of four plants (Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica oleracea, Glycine max or Zea mays). Developmental duration was shorter but growth (length, mass) and enzyme activities were higher in NPV‐infected caterpillars fed I. aquatica or B. oleracea than those fed G. max or Z. mays. This study suggests that host plants influence the growth impacts of entomoviruses on herbivores by affecting the enzymes of herbivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐mediated effects on life history traits of entomovirus infected caterpillars ofSpodoptera exigua

Wang

Fan

Siemann

et al. 2021

J Applied Entomology

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“…Commercially produced O. majusculus and flour moth eggs were purchased from EWH BioProduction, Tappernøje, Denmark, using a second consignment for tests on aphids in August. The commercially produced O. majusculus were reared at 23°C on E. kuehniella eggs, which are a monotypic but high-quality prey (Toft et al, 2020), at high density compared to densities in nature. Aphids were collected from our laboratory culture and maintained on seedling wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.) (Poales: Poaceae).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and predation rate of wild-caught and commercially produced Orius majusculus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Jensen

Toft

Sørensen

et al. 2021

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The quality of biological control agents used in augmentative releases may be affected by rearing conditions due to inbreeding or laboratory adaptation, or to phenotypic effects of the rearing environment. We hypothesized that individuals from a wild population would be in better body condition and kill more prey than individuals from a commercially produced population. We caught wild Orius majusculus (Reuter) in a maize field and compared their initial body mass, survival, and prey reduction capacity to commercially produced O. majusculus. Predation capacity and survival were compared in short-term Petri dish tests with Frankliniella tenuicornis (Uzel) thrips, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) moth eggs, or Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) aphids as prey, and in longer-term outdoor mesocosms containing live seedling wheat grass with thrips or aphids as prey. Wild-caught O. majusculus were typically heavier and overall had higher survival during tests than commercially produced O. majusculus. Females were heavier than males and typically killed more prey. However, we found no difference between wild-caught and commercially produced individuals on prey reduction, neither in Petri dishes nor in mesocosms. Our study suggests that commercially produced O. majusculus have lower body condition than wild O. majusculus due to their lower body mass and survival, but that this does not have any negative effect on the number of pest prey killed over the timelines and conditions of our tests. Commercially produced O. majusculus thus did not have a lower impact on pest prey numbers than wild-caught individuals and therefore had similar biological control value under our study conditions.

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“…Most studies to date on prey value to A. bipunctata and other coccinellids have been done with prey provided ad libitum (Lucas et al, 1997; Nielsen et al, 2002; Cabral et al, 2006; Mirhosseini et al, 2015), as it is also the case for other predators (Montoro et al, 2020; Toft et al, 2020). An equally likely situation may be that there are not enough prey or suboptimal prey, in which case a floral diet may be important to support A. bipunctata larval development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower diet enhances Adalia bipunctata larval development significantly when prey is limited

Holm¹,

Sigsgaard³

2021

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Predaceous coccinellids can feed on non‐prey food, but the ecological value of this feeding to maintain a coccinellid population is not well understood. Prey density can vary greatly in the field, whereas non‐prey food sources such as pollen and nectar are more predictable. In the present study, Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larval performance on pure and mixed diets of a high‐quality non‐prey food with varying amounts of prey was investigated. Rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), served as prey in the experiment and was given to A. bipunctata larvae either ad libitum as a surplus diet or as a limited diet, the amount of which was selected so that it would limit larval development, according to a pilot study. Flowers of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum L. (Polygonaceae), a high‐value floral diet, served as the non‐prey food. Newly hatched A. bipunctata larvae were reared on each of five diets: (1) flowers only, (2) limited prey only, (3) limited prey plus flowers, (4) surplus prey only, (5) surplus prey plus flowers. Larval survival, developmental time, and adult dry weight were measured. The addition of floral diet had a significant positive impact on A. bipunctata larval survival and development when prey diet was limited, survival ratio was 6× higher and developmental time was 25% shorter. In conclusion, A. bipunctata immature development can benefit from a floral diet supplemented to a prey diet, which indicates that the use of flowers in cropping systems can help to enhance biocontrol services by A. bipunctata.

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Food quality of Ephestia eggs, the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and mixed diet for Orius majusculus

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Plant‐mediated effects on life history traits of entomovirus infected caterpillars ofSpodoptera exigua

Plant‐mediated effects on life history traits of entomovirus infected caterpillars ofSpodoptera exigua

Survival and predation rate of wild-caught and commercially produced Orius majusculus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Flower diet enhances Adalia bipunctata larval development significantly when prey is limited

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