Food Protective Effects of 3-Methylbenzaldehyde Derived from Myosotis arvensis and Its Analogues against Tyrophagus putrescentiae

Abstract

The potential abilities of 3-methylbenzaldehyde derived from Myosotis arvensis oil and its structural analogues to act as new acaricide and mite kit (mite color deformation) against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) were evaluated in the present study. Based on the LD50 values, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde (0.78 μg/cm3) had highest vapor action against T. putrescentiae, followed by 2,4-methylbenzaldehyde (1.14 μg/cm3), 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (1.29 μg/cm3), 2-methylbenzaldehyde (1.32 μg/cm3), 2,3-dimethylbenzaldehyde (1.55 μg/cm3), 3-methylbenzaldehyde (1.97 μg/cm3), and 4-methylbenzaldehyde (2.34 μg/cm3). The color deformation of seven methylbenzaldehyde analogues mixed with 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde against T. putrescentiae showed mite color deformation, from coloress to reddish brown, and valuable to distinguish with the naked eye. In addition, there was no antagonistic interactions between 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and the methylbenzaldehyde analogues. These finding suggests that the methylbenzaldehyde analogues could be developed as dual functional agent to protect from fall in the commercial value of stored food products.

Identification of the Volatile Components of Galium verum L. and Cruciata leavipes Opiz from the Western Italian Alps

“…In conclusion, the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the two Rubiaceae species, G. verum and C. laevipes, indicate a complex balance of phytochemicals to protect the plants in their environment. In addition, as shown for other studied Alpine plants [39,40] and plants producing essential oils with similar composition [27,41,42], G. verum and C. laevipes produce volatiles with valuable biological properties.…”

“…Essential oils from the leaves of G. verum were characterized by a high amount of 2-methylbenzaldehyde, which is a compound that also naturally occurs in other aromatic plants such as Taraxacum officinale and Morinda officinalis [25,26], and was also reported as a component of the essential oils from G. humifusum [21]. This phytochemical and some derived molecules showed a strong anti-mite effect [26,27], thus suggesting its ecological contribution, and possibly of 4-methylbenzaldehyde, to prevent insect attacks.…”

Controlling Stored Products’ Pests with Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review

“…Interestingly, apiol, which naturally occurs in the seeds of parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm), was not toxic against T. putrescentiae, although it has been proven to be active against Dermatophagoides species. Essential oils obtained from both the aerial parts and seeds of the forget-me-not plant (Myosotis arvensis (L.)) or ingredient compounds used individually, namely 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,4-methylbenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2methylbenzaldehyde, 2,3-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-octanone, butyl isothiocyanate and nonanal, showed significantly greater contact and vapor toxicity against T. putrescentiae than benzyl benzoate [28]. T. putrescentiae was proven to be susceptible to the essential oil of garlic (Allium sativum L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), in descending order, when exposed for one to three days [29].…”