Food Peptides, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Antihypertensive Effects

Abstract

The gut microbiota is increasingly important in the overall human health and as such, it is a target in the search of novel strategies for the management of metabolic disorders including blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. The link between microbiota and hypertension is complex and this review is intended to provide an overview of the mechanism including the production of postbiotics, mitigation of inflammation, and the integration of food biological molecules within this complex system. The focus is on hydrolyzed food proteins and peptides which are less commonly investigated for prebiotic properties. The analysis of available data showed that food peptides are multifunctional and can prevent gut dysbiosis by positively affecting the production of postbiotics or gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, biogenic amines, bile acids). Peptides and the postbiotics then displayed antihypertensive effects via the renin-angiotensin system, the gut barrier, the endothelium, and reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the promising antihypertensive effect of the food peptides via the modulation of the gut, there is a lack of human studies as most of the works have been conducted in animal models.

Crosstalk between glucagon-like peptide 1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases

“…Drosophila peptides have antimicrobial effects ( 154 ) and then regulate gut microbiota composition and abundance. Food peptides are multifunctional and can prevent gut dysbiosis ( 155 ). For example, a novel peptide, D3, increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and also suppressed appetite to improve DIO ( 156 ).…”

Clinical Perspectives of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease: Where Do We Stand?

“…Promoting Cardiovascular Well-being : GMs role in promoting CVS health has been increasingly recognized [ 90 , 91 ]. Consequently, the modulation of the gut microbiome might provide substantial benefits in regulating blood pressure and lipid metabolism and reducing vascular inflammation [ 92 ]…”

The immunomodulatory effect of milk-derived bioactive peptides on food allergy: a review

“…The opioid antagonist peptides derived from κ-casein are collectively known as casoxins. Among κ-casein, decapeptide casoxin C (YIPIQYVLSR) had the highest antagonistic activity, which not only had opioid antagonistic activity but also inhibited ACE activity [66] . ACE inhibitory peptide is also known as antihypertensive peptide.…”