Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between parental eating behaviours and dietary patterns and feeding practices of infants and young children. Design: Data on infant-feeding practices were collected from each infant's birth via parentally self-administered follow-up diaries. Three questionnaires, the ThreeFactor Eating Questionnaire, the Food Neophobia Scale and the Index of Diet Quality, were administered when the children were aged 4 and 13 months. Setting: South-western Finland. Subjects: Families participating in the STEPS longitudinal cohort study (n 1797). Results: Mean duration of exclusive breast-feeding was 2·4 months and total duration of breast-feeding averaged 8·1 months. The first solid food was introduced into children's diets at the age of 3·9 months, on average. Mothers with highly restrictive eating were more likely to introduce solid foods sooner than mothers who ranked lower in these behaviours (3·8 months v. 4·0 months, P = 0·012). Neophobic mothers breast-fed exclusively (2·0 v. 2·6 months, P = 0·038) and in total (7·2 v. 8·5 months, P = 0·039) for shorter times than average mothers, even after adjusting for various demographic characteristics. Fathers' diet quality was associated with total breast-feeding duration and with introduction of complementary foods in unadjusted analyses and with total breastfeeding duration also after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions: Mothers' and fathers' eating patterns and practices are associated with the feeding practices of infants and young children. Health promotion interventions seeking to improve parents' eating patterns might lead to more favourable feeding practices for infants and young children.
Keywords
Parental eating behaviour Breast-feeding Complementary feedingFeeding practices for infants and young children are important in order to ensure optimal growth and development in childhood, as well as health and well-being later in life. Breast milk, fed exclusively for the first 6 months and thereafter with adequate complementary foods until 1-2 years of age, is recommended globally to provide the best nutrition for infants as well as long-and short-term health benefits for the mother and child (1)(2)(3) . However, breastfeeding (BF) duration and complementary feeding practices are far from the recommended standards in many countries, including Finland (4)(5)(6) .Infant feeding behaviour and practices are influenced by numerous factors. In particular, the determinants of BF have been widely studied. BF initiation and duration have commonly been related to maternal age, marital status, race, smoking, educational level, socio-economic status, maternal obesity, parity, method of delivery and psychosocial factors (7,8) . Furthermore, studies have reported that the introduction of solid foods earlier than recommended may also be influenced by multiple factors, such as a mother's young age, smoking, low educational level, marital status or a child's low birth weight (9)(10)(11)(12) .Parents' e...