“…In contrast, there is a dearth of studies quantifying avoidable food loss due to cosmetic standards and its embedded greenhouse gas emissions. Estimates at this life cycle stage are usually based upon a small number of studies carried out on just a few crops and applied to entire regions (Gustavsson et al, 2011), although others are more locally focused (Franke et al, 2016;Hartikainen et al, 2018). Some studies omit losses in the production phase entirely due to uncertainties (Monier et al, 2010).…”