Food intake and the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys

Rosenblatt, Howard M.; Dyrenfurth, Inge; Ferin, Michel; Wiele, Raymond L. Vande

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90234-6

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Male cynomolgus monkeys were studied under identical conditions to determine if there are gender differences in food-maintained operant responding over time. This approach differs from most previous preclinical studies in which spontaneous eating behavior was observed in animals given access to food that was not contingent upon an operant response (Tarttelin and Gorski, 1971;Wade, 1975;Blaustein and Wade, 1976;Czaja, 1978;Rosenblatt et al, 1980). In the present study, acquisition of a preferred food (banana-flavored pellets) was maintained on a progressive-ratio schedule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Moreover, progressive ratio schedules provide a measure of motivation for the reinforcer (Richardson and Roberts, 1996;Negus and Mello, 2003). Most preclinical investigations of the influence of the menstrual/estrous cycle on feeding behavior have used spontaneous intake of standard laboratory chow as the dependent measure (Tarttelin and Gorski, 1971;Wade, 1975;Blaustein and Wade, 1976;Czaja, 1978;Rosenblatt et al, 1980). We are aware of only one other study that used operant response-contingent self-administration of a preferred food to examine the effects of menstrual cycle phase on food intake in female rhesus monkeys (Mello et al, 1986).…”

Section: Response-contingent Vs Spontaneous Food Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, food intake was significantly higher in female rhesus monkeys during the luteal phase when progesterone levels were high, than during the early follicular phase when progesterone levels were low (Czaja, 1978;Rosenblatt et al, 1980). Food rejection occurred more frequently during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle than during the early follicular or the mid-luteal phase (Czaja, 1978;Rosenblatt et al, 1980). In rodents, the estrus phase of the estrous cycle is characterized by declining levels of estradiol from peak levels in proestrus (Freeman, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of gender and menstrual cycle phase on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio schedule in cynomolgus monkeys

Roth

Negus

Knudson

et al. 2005

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Clinical and preclinical data suggest that fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormones across the menstrual/estrous cycle influence spontaneous feeding behavior in females. The effects of gender, menstrual cycle phase, and ovarian hormone fluctuations on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio schedule were investigated in four female and three male cynomolgus monkeys. Females were studied across 21 menstrual cycles, and ovulatory cycles were defined by analysis of ovarian steroid hormone levels. Data were analyzed for the early and mid-follicular phase and the mid-and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Progressive-ratio break points for food were significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.01). However, progressive-ratio break points did not vary consistently as a function of menstrual cycle phase during ovulatory cycles. There were no systematic patterns of progressive ratio break points in anovulatory menstrual cycles. Only one female monkey reached significantly higher break points during the mid-and late luteal phases in comparison to the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (p < 0.05). There was also a significant positive correlation between progressive-ratio break points and progesterone levels and a significant negative correlation with estradiol in that monkey. Although fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormones may influence food consumption under some conditions, consistent patterns of food-maintained responding were not detected during ovulatory menstrual cycles in cynomolgus monkeys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Response-contingent Vs Spontaneous Food Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of gender and menstrual cycle phase on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio schedule in cynomolgus monkeys

Roth

Negus

Knudson

et al. 2005

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…However, this is the phase where the most dramatic hormonal fluctuations are occurring. In fact, it is during this phase that the greatest changes in food intake (ie a decrease) are observed in female monkeys (Rosenblatt et al, 1980). Clearly, there are sex differences in response to the behavioral effects of cocaine and a growing body of evidence suggests that fluctuations in gonadal hormones accounts for some of these differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Cocaine Across the Menstrual Cycle in Rhesus Monkeys

Evans

Foltin

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Several studies in rodents suggest that there are sex differences in response to cocaine that are related to fluctuations in the ovarian hormones of females. Female rhesus monkeys have menstrual cycles that are remarkably similar to human menstrual cycles in both duration and hormonal variations. Therefore, data obtained in monkeys should be an ideal model for assessing the effects of cocaine across the menstrual cycle in humans. The present study assessed the acute effects of intravenous cocaine (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/kg) in five female rhesus monkeys during four phases of the menstrual cycle: menses, midfollicular, periovulatory, and midluteal. To reduce the effects of stress that can occur from sedation, all animals were trained to enter primate chairs so that repeated blood samples could be obtained in awake animals. Hormone levels for estradiol and progesterone were measured each session before cocaine administration. Cocaine and cocaine metabolite plasma levels were measured at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after cocaine administration. Similarly, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured before, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after cocaine administration. Within 5 min of cocaine administration, cocaine plasma levels peaked and dose-dependent behavioral changes (ie increased motor activity, mydriasis, and refusal of treats) were observed. These effects typically resolved in 15-30 min. There were few differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of cocaine across the menstrual cycle. However, the cocaine metabolites, BZE and EME, did vary across the menstrual cycle, with both being increased in the luteal phase, particularly following the highest dose of cocaine. In addition, unlike previous studies, cocaine did not produce consistent increases in LH levels. Rather, the change in LH levels depended on menstrual cycle phase and cocaine dose. In summary, there is little evidence that the pharmacokinetics of cocaine vary as a function of menstrual cycle phase.

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“…[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Consequently, it has been hypothesized that estrogens reduce appetite and EI and are thus reciprocal to a possible appetite-stimulating effect of progesterone in animals. In humans, a review has summarized EI in relation to menstrual cycle phases in 30 studies, which included a total of 37 groups of women.…”

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance: a putative role in weight loss attempts

2007

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Women's weight and body composition is significantly influenced by the female sex-steroid hormones. Levels of these hormones fluctuate in a defined manner throughout the menstrual cycle and interact to modulate energy homeostasis. This paper reviews the scientific literature on the relationship between hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle and components of energy balance, with the aim of clarifying whether this influences weight loss in women. In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle it appears that women's energy intake and energy expenditure are increased and they experience more frequent cravings for foods, particularly those high in carbohydrate and fat, than during the follicular phase. This suggests that the potential of the underlying physiology related to each phase of the menstrual cycle may be worth considering as an element in strategies to optimize weight loss. Studies are needed to assess the weight loss outcome of tailoring dietary recommendations and the degree of energy restriction to each menstrual phase throughout a weight management program, taking these preliminary findings into account.

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Food intake and the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of gender and menstrual cycle phase on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio schedule in cynomolgus monkeys

Effects of gender and menstrual cycle phase on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio schedule in cynomolgus monkeys

Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Cocaine Across the Menstrual Cycle in Rhesus Monkeys

Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance: a putative role in weight loss attempts

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