Food Insecurity: What Are Its Effects, Why, and What Can Policy Do About It?

Hines, Caitlin; Markowitz, Anna J.; Johnson, Anna D.

doi:10.1177/23727322211032250

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…In addition, as the theoretical framework indicates, food insecurity is connected with one's health through parents' well-being and emotional status. Thus, the food assistance program should also help parents reduce stress and create favorable environments for child development [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies suggested that food insecurity was associated with depression, chronic diseases, cognitive impairment, and sleep disorders [15][16][17][18]. Food insecurity may invoke biological changes that have long-run health consequences or disrupt children's environments [17,19].…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 21 Theoretical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, food insecurity may result in nutritional deficiencies or poor diet quality, impairing one's immune functioning and brain development [17,19]. For instance, people may intake inadequate essential vitamins and high-level of saturated fat and sugar due to food deprivation, triggering neuroinflammatory and damaging memory [17,20].…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 21 Theoretical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, food insecurity may also be connected with child development indirectly through parents' well-being and parenting [19,23]. Parents may suffer from emotional distress and nutritional deficiencies due to household food insecurity, increasing parents' depressive symptoms and decreasing parenting quality [24].…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 21 Theoretical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Food Insecurity in Early Life Make People More Depressed?—Evidence from CHARLS

Liu

Xue-cun

2022

Sustainability

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Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, this paper estimates the long-term association between food insecurity and later adult health and health behaviors with the Probit model. The results show that food insecurity in early life significantly increases adults’ depression likelihood (measured by the CES-D scale). The food insecurity experience is also negatively and significantly associated with individual self-rated health status, memory, sleep quality, and life satisfaction. The negative association between food insecurity and cognitive ability and sleep hours is larger for females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 21 Theoretical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 21 Theoretical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 21 Theoretical F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Food Insecurity in Early Life Make People More Depressed?—Evidence from CHARLS

Liu

Xue-cun

2022

Sustainability

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“…Food insecurity contributes to the “double burden of malnutrition” and can lead to both undernutrition [ 18 ] and child obesity [ 19 ], as it is linked to unhealthy eating habits [ 20 ], including reduced fruit and vegetable intake [ 21 ] and a higher likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages [ 22 ]. In addition, food insecurity during childhood is associated with poor health outcomes, including higher risk of anemia, chronic illness, and hospitalizations [ 23 ], as well as social and emotional problems [ 24 , 25 ] and impaired academic success [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Food Insecurity In Early Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on food security in early childhood

2022

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of reviewTo summarize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity during early childhood, with a focus on challenges and strategies to improve access to and consumption of nutritious food in early childcare and education settings.Recent findingsThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing gaps and inequities in the early childcare and education system, resulting in closures and decreased access to healthy foods that disproportionately impacted black, indigenous, and people of color, as well as rural and low-income communities.SummaryClosures and changes in operational capacity not only stressed the early childcare and education system and its workforce but also contributed to financial strain and food insecurity among families with young children. Increased public investment and cross-sector partnerships can support and strengthen both early childcare and education and food systems, increasing equitable access to quality care and reducing food insecurity in early childhood.

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Trends in Measures of Child and Adolescent Well-being in the US From 2000 to 2019

et al. 2022

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ImportanceImproving child and adolescent well-being is a critical public health goal, yet monitoring of this measure at the national level remains limited. Composite indices aggregate existing indicators from population data sources, but these indices currently have weaknesses that may inhibit widespread use.ObjectiveTo apply a novel, more child-centric index method to document changes in overall child and adolescent well-being in the US from 2000 to 2019, assess which states and racial and ethnic subpopulations experienced the greatest inequities in well-being, and identify the specific components associated with changes in the index over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study applied the Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 to population-level data from 2000 to 2019 from several data sources. The area-based sampling frame for each of the component data sources allowed for nationally representative estimates for every year of the study period. The indices for every state and by race and ethnicity were also calculated. Due to the scope and breadth of the index components from across the life course, the Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 is intended to approximate the well-being of persons up to age 17 years. Data were analyzed from June 7, 2021, to March 17, 2022.ExposuresTime in years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 is a weighted mean of 11 indicators intended to proxy well-being. The index comprises 11 components: non–low birth weight in neonates, preschool attendance in children aged 3 to 4 years, reading proficiency in fourth-grade students, math proficiency in eighth-grade students, food security in children younger than 18 years, general health status, nonobesity in high school students, nonsmoking in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, non–marijuana use in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, high school graduation in young adults aged 18 to 21 years, and nonarrest rate in children aged 10 to 17 years. The index ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating minimum and 1 indicating maximum possible well-being at the population level.ResultsThe Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 was applied to data from 12 320 national, state, and racial and ethnic population-level estimates. Over the study period, the Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 score increased from 0.780 points in 2000 to 0.843 points in 2019. Despite some convergence in geographic and racial and ethnic disparities, inequities were still present in 2019 in the South (−0.021 points) compared with the Northeast and among American Indian or Alaska Native (−0.079 points), Black (−0.053 points), and Latinx (−0.047 points) children and adolescents compared with White youths. Index components most associated with the overall increases in index scores of well-being were high school graduation rate (+0.028 units) and nonsmoking in adolescents (+0.022 units), amounting to 80.6% of the total increase.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study suggest that child and adolescent well-being scores increased from 2000 to 2019, but substantial work remains to address persistent inequities across states and racial and ethnic populations. The newly developed Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 may be used in future work to evaluate which public policy types (economic, social, health care, housing, or education) are associated with higher levels of well-being.

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Food Insecurity: What Are Its Effects, Why, and What Can Policy Do About It?

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Does Food Insecurity in Early Life Make People More Depressed?—Evidence from CHARLS

Does Food Insecurity in Early Life Make People More Depressed?—Evidence from CHARLS

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on food security in early childhood

Trends in Measures of Child and Adolescent Well-being in the US From 2000 to 2019

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