Food Insecurity in the Informal Settlements of Inanda Households Living with Children under 60 Months in Ethekwini Municipality

Abstract

Food insecurity is a continuing challenge for many households in South Africa. This challenge poses serious immediate and long-term health and development risks for children. Despite the intensive literature on household food insecurity, there is limited literature on the household food security status in South African informal settlements. Thus, the household food security status and dynamics in informal settlements are not clearly defined. Hence, this study assessed the food security status of households living with children under 60 months in the informal settlements of the Inanda area, eThekwini Municipality. This study employed a cross-sectional quantitative research approach. A non-probability sampling method was used, which used convenience sampling supplemented by a non-discriminative snowball sampling to obtain a sample size of 160 households with children under the age of five. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews, where questionnaires were administered to household child caregivers. Ethical considerations such as informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, permission from authorities, and cultural considerations were obeyed in this study. The HFIAS and HDDS tools were used to estimate the household food security status. Data were coded and analysed in SPSS version 25 software. This study revealed that higher proportions of the surveyed informal households living with children under 60 months were food insecure. The HFIAS analysis showed that approximately 34, 31, and 28% were severely, mildly, and moderately food insecure, respectively. In contrast, a small (approximately 8%) proportion of the surveyed informal households was estimated to be food secure. The HDDS analysis revealed that most (approximately 77%) of the surveyed informal households had low dietary diversity (deemed food insecure). Cereal, roots, and fatty foods were the main dietary components in the informal settlements of Inanda. It is paramount to improve the food security status of informal households living with children under 60 months through an integrated approach. This study suggests government and private stakeholders’ engagement in developing policies and programs directed at informal households living with children under 60 months to alleviate food insecurity.

The Contribution of Trees and Green Spaces to Household Food Security in eThekwini Metro, KwaZulu-Natal

“…As a result, despite global efforts to end poverty and hunger, South Africa continues to face numerous socio-economic challenges, such as unaffordable healthy diets for many poor households [3][4][5]. More than 2.3 billion people worldwide were food insecure as of 2021, indicating a rise of 15% from 2019 [6]. Presently, more than half a billion people in Africa do not have access to food that guarantees an active and healthy life [7].…”

“…Unacceptably high levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality are prevalent in South Africa. A sizable section of the population suffers from food insecurity and non-communicable diseases caused by unhealthy diets [6,8].…”