Food Insecurity, Hunger, and Undernutrition

Pelletier, David; Olson, Christine M.; Frongillo, Edward A.

doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch68

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Studies have shown that 25% of all foods produced in developing countries are not consumed by humans, instead they spoil or eaten by insects, rats and other pests (FAO, 1997). Another factor that might have contributed the insufficiency is large household sizes which according to Pelletier et al (2001) deplete family food stores with the danger of food-insecurity. It could also be that the households did not preserve enough and or sold part of their preserved foods due to market prices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food preservation and security at household level in rural Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Ibeanu¹,

Onuoha²,

Ezeugwu³

et al. 2011

Agro-Science

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Household food security exists when members at all times have physical and economic access to adequate, safe, acceptable and nutritious foods to meet their daily requirements and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Preservation of post-harvest surpluses makes local staples available and affordable during off season. In Nigeria, food insecurity at the household level can partly be attributed to poor preservation of post-harvest surpluses. This study sought to demonstrate a relationship (if any) between preservation of post harvest surpluses and food security at rural household level. Eha-Alumona and Opi-Uno, in Nsukka, Enugu State were the two rural communities selected because they have farming as their major occupation. Interviews and questionnaires were used to elicit information on socioeconomic characteristics, foods preserved and methods, problems encountered and effect of preservation on food security of two hundred households. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and results presented as frequencies and percentages. About 42% of households partly produced and partly purchased foods, while 17% depended solely on family food production. Most households (90%) preserved foods mainly by sun-drying cereal, legumes, vegetables and roots/tubers. All the households (100%) stored palm oil in bottles or jars while 87.5% smoked meat/fish. Sun-dried foods were perceived wholesome until used by 61.5% households. About 62% households consumed their preserved foods, 19% sold, while 19.4% consumed part and sold part. Sixty-four percent (64%) were food-secure which they attributed to preservation of post-harvest surpluses. However, 36% did not have enough because of spoilage and rodent/ insect attack. Hunger at rural household level can be reduced if post harvest surpluses are properly preserved. The Nigerian local government should encourage community food preservation through cooperative societies, provision of necessary infrastructure, funding and education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food preservation and security at household level in rural Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Ibeanu¹,

Onuoha²,

Ezeugwu³

et al. 2011

Agro-Science

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“…Almost half of the mortality in children around the globe is attributed to undernutrition [ 6 ]. It also poses a risk to children’s physical and mental development, which results in poor academic achievement [ 7 ]. Adequate nutrition is indispensable to ensure a strong immune system and proper physical and intellectual development in early childhood [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Malnutrition in Pakistan: Evidence from Literature

2018

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Pakistan has one of the highest prevalences of child malnutrition as compared to other developing countries. This narrative review was accomplished to examine the published empirical literature on children’s nutritional status in Pakistan. The objectives of this review were to know about the methodological approaches used in previous studies, to assess the overall situation of childhood malnutrition, and to identify the areas that have not yet been studied. This study was carried out to collect and synthesize the relevant data from previously published papers through different scholarly database search engines. The most relevant and current published papers between 2000–2016 were included in this study. The research papers that contain the data related to child malnutrition in Pakistan were assessed. A total of 28 articles was reviewed and almost similar methodologies were used in all of them. Most of the researchers conducted the cross sectional quantitative and descriptive studies, through structured interviews for identifying the causes of child malnutrition. Only one study used the mix method technique for acquiring data from the respondents. For the assessment of malnutrition among children, out of 28 papers, 20 used the World Health Organization (WHO) weight for age, age for height, and height for weight Z-score method. Early marriages, large family size, high fertility rates with a lack of birth spacing, low income, the lack of breast feeding, and exclusive breastfeeding were found to be the themes that repeatedly emerged in the reviewed literature. There is a dire need of qualitative and mixed method researches to understand and have an insight into the underlying factors of child malnutrition in Pakistan.

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“…In addition to facing an elevated risk for infectious diseases (1,5) , undernourished children face impaired cognitive and social development, poor school performance, reduced physical work capacity and the development of long-term cardiovascular and metabolic conditions (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) . Despite the importance of early child nutrition for survival and long-term development, the international nutrition community has faced many challenges in the development of a consensus on priorities, actions and strategies to combat the enduring problem of child undernutrition (6,12,13) . More than 30 years ago, the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration (14) envisioned the provision of comprehensive, universal and affordable health-care services in all countries through community-based primary health care (PHC).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shared environments: a multilevel analysis of community context and child nutritional status in Bangladesh

Corsi

Chow

Lear

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of community environment on the nutritional status (weight-for-age and height-forage) of children (aged 0-59 months) in Bangladesh. In addition, we tested the association between specific characteristics of community environments and child nutritional status. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: The data are from the nationally representative 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Subjects: Respondents were ever-married women (aged 15-49 years) and their children (n 5731), residing in 361 communities. Child nutritional outcomes are physical measurements of weight-for-age and height-for-age in SD units. We considered the following attributes of community environments potentially related to child nutrition: (i) community water and sanitation infrastructure; (ii) availability of community health and education services; (iii) community employment and social participation; and (iv) education level of the community. Results: Multilevel regression analysis showed that the spatial distribution of maternal and child covariates did not entirely explain the between-community variation in child nutritional status. The education level of the community emerged as the strongest community-level predictor of child height-for-age (highest v. lowest tertile, b 5 0?18 (SE 0?07)) and weight-for-age (highest v. lowest tertile, b 5 0?21 (SE 0?06)). In the height-for-age model, community employment and social participation also emerged as being statistically significant (highest v. lowest tertile, b 5 0?13 (SE 5 0?06)). Conclusions: The community environment influences child nutrition in Bangladesh, and maternal-and child-level covariates may fail to capture the entire influence of communities. Interventions to reduce child undernutrition in developing countries should take into consideration the wider community context.

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Food Insecurity, Hunger, and Undernutrition

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Food preservation and security at household level in rural Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Food preservation and security at household level in rural Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Child Malnutrition in Pakistan: Evidence from Literature

Shared environments: a multilevel analysis of community context and child nutritional status in Bangladesh

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