Food insecurity, dietary acid load, dietary energy density and anthropometric indices among Iranian children

Daneshzad, Elnaz; Dorosty-Motlagh, Ahmadreza; Bellissimo, Nick; Suitor, Katherine; Azadbakht, Leila

doi:10.1007/s40519-020-00921-8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Also, higher PRAL and NEAP were associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in parents [ 15 ]. In addition, findings from another study revealed that there was no association between PRAL and anthropometric measures in 6-year-old girls [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between dietary acid load and adiposity measures among children and adolescents

2022

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Background Childhood obesity is one of the most important health problems in the present century. It is imperative to plan preventive programs through risk factor identification. The present study was conducted to examine the association between the dietary acid load (DAL) and anthropometric indices in a sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods In the current survey, students aged 11–18 years were recruited. To assess usual dietary intake, a validated self-administered 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) was used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using logistic regression and reported as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In total, 456 students (267 girls), with a mean age of 14.44 years participated in the current study. After controlling for potential confounders, the PRAL was positively associated with the risk of obesity (OR = 4.56, 95% CI: 2.26, 9.17), abdominal obesity (OR = 12.64, 95% CI: 3.05, 52.27), and adiposity based on the percent of body fat (PBF) (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.99). The NEAP was also significantly associated with the risk of obesity (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 2.56, 10.43), abdominal obesity (OR = 15.08, 95% CI: 3.35, 67.81), and adiposity based on PBF (OR = 4.53, 95% CI: 2.30, 8.92). Conclusion Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the acidogenic diet, expressed as DAL, was associated with a higher risk of general and central obesity among children and adolescents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between dietary acid load and adiposity measures among children and adolescents

2022

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“…Nutritional status significantly impacts children's growth during sensitive periods. Early weight and height development are widely acknowledged to significantly affect health quality later in life (12). Children need more energy and nutrients, such as zinc and iron, to sustain adequate growth (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Household Food Insecurity with Stunting and Underweight Among Iranian Children Aged 2 - 5 Years old

Aghamohammadi,

Nasiri,

Bazyar

et al. 2024

Iran J Pediatr

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Background: Although previous literature has assessed the association of household food insecurity with nutritional outcomes among children, the findings are inconsistent across different study populations. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association of household food insecurity with nutritional outcomes among children residing in Khalkhal city, Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 Iranian children aged 2 - 5 years who visited urban and rural health care centers between November 2021 and March 2022. Subjects were included in the survey using multi-stage cluster sampling. Household food security status was assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 18-item food security questionnaire. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for stunting according to the food insecurity score were estimated using multivariable logistic regression in three models. Results: In the present study, 39% of participants had food security, while the prevalence of food insecurity without hunger, food insecurity with moderate hunger, and food insecurity with severe hunger were 22.3%, 23%, and 15.7%, respectively. In all models, both categorized and continuous food insecurity scores correlated negatively with weight (P for all < 0.001). Food insecurity did not predict the risk of stunting in all subjects before and after adjustment (Model 1: OR (CI) = 1.008 (0.96-1.05), P = 0.72; Model 2: OR (CI) = 1.01 (0.96 - 1.05), P = 0.65; Model 3: OR (CI) = 0.98 (0.92-1.04), P = 0.53). Conclusions: In the current study, we found that Iranian families with the lowest income had the highest food insecurity scores. Household food insecurity was negatively correlated with weight status among children aged 2 - 5 years.

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“…Previous studies on this topic in the Iranian population have been performed only on women (12,14,24,25) and in a specific age range (11,25,26). On the other hand, these studies examined the association between DED and general obesity and did not consider the relationship for the other components of body composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Dietary Energy Density and Body Composition Components in a Sample of Iranian Adults

et al. 2021

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Background: We aimed to investigate the association between the energy density (ED) of diet and body composition components in Iranian adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 267 adults in Tehran. We obtained ED (kcal/g) using the two most common methods: ED1, ED from foods only with the exclusion of all beverages and ED2, from foods and all beverages. Body composition was measured using a multifrequency bio-impedance analysis. To find a strong association, we used both the linear and binary regression analysis in the three adjusted models.Results: The mean of ED1 and ED2 was 1.34 ± 0.23 and 0.89 ± 0.20 kcal/g, respectively. Increasing the ED of diet in both methods was associated with a high intake of dietary fat, of saturated fatty acid (SFA), of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), of oleic and linoleic acids, accompanied by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and some vitamins and minerals. There was a significant positive relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI) and ED1 (β = 4.44, p = 0.02). However, we found no significant association between the consumption of ED1 and fat mass index (FMI) (0.28; 95% CI 0.08, 0.98; p = 0.07), and abdominal obesity (0.91; 95% CI 0.43, 1.94; p = 0.82). Also, ED2 had no association with FMI (0.86; 95% CI 0.26, 2.80; p = 0.81) and abdominal obesity (0.78; 95% CI 0.35, 1.72; p = 0.54). No significant associations were found between ED and other anthropometric indices and body composition components after considering the confounders.Conclusion: This study supports the positive association between ED and poor dietary quality. However, our findings did not show significant associations of dietary energy density (DED) with anthropometric indices and body composition components. Further well-designed studies are required to investigate the exact link between DED and body composition.

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Food insecurity, dietary acid load, dietary energy density and anthropometric indices among Iranian children

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

The association between dietary acid load and adiposity measures among children and adolescents

The association between dietary acid load and adiposity measures among children and adolescents

Association of Household Food Insecurity with Stunting and Underweight Among Iranian Children Aged 2 - 5 Years old

The Association of Dietary Energy Density and Body Composition Components in a Sample of Iranian Adults

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