Food insecurity and other possible factors contributing to low birth weight: A case control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Sahlu, Degemu; Deyessa, Negussie; Firdu, Naod; Asfaw, Sahle

doi:10.4103/2305-0500.288585

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The odds of LBW were about three times higher in mothers found to be in household food insecurity than those in food security. This finding is in line with studies conducted in Addis Ababa 15 and Afar, Ethiopia, 16 rural Haiti 17 and Pakistan, 18 which stated that food-insecure women had an increased risk of delivering an LBW newborn. This may be because food insecurity among women during pregnancy ranges up to 90% in underdeveloped and developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of Food Insecurity and Other Possible Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Among Mothers Who Gave Birth to Live Newborns in West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Unmatched Case–Control Study

Desalegn¹,

Terefe²,

Bikila³

2021

NDS

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Background: More than 20 million births annually in developing countries are classed as low birth weight, with short-and long-term consequences. Food insecurity is the major determinant of low birth weight in developing countries. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of food insecurity and other possible factors associated with low birth weight in West Wollega, West Ethiopia. Methods: This facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among mothers who gave birth to live newborns in randomly selected hospitals in West Wollega. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Collected data were coded and entered into Epi Info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Adjusted odds ratios were used to identify predictors of low birth weight at a p-value less than 0.05. Results:The study indicated that the mother living in a food-insecure household (AOR [95% CI] = 2.9 [1.05-8]), uneducated mother (AOR [95% CI] = 5 [1.8-14]), birth interval of <24 months (AOR [95% CI] = 4.6 [1.2-18]), age at first birth of <18 years (AOR [95% CI] = 4 [1.1-15]), late initiation of antenatal care (ANC) (AOR [95% CI] = 4.4 [1.3-15.7]), pregnancyinduced hypertension (AOR [95% CI] = 3.6 [1.03-12.9]), and maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of <23 cm (AOR [95% CI] = 11 [4-35]) were predictors of low birth weight. Conclusion:Household food insecurity, a birth interval of <24 months, age at first birth <18 years, late initiation of first ANC, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal MUAC of <23 cm were predictors of low birth weight in this study. Early screening for medical and obstetric conditions, as well as maternal nutritional status and household food insecurity, is a key action needed to reduce low birth weight in this study area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of Food Insecurity and Other Possible Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Among Mothers Who Gave Birth to Live Newborns in West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Unmatched Case–Control Study

Desalegn¹,

Terefe²,

Bikila³

2021

NDS

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“…In this study, mothers who were living in food-insecure households were more likely to have LBW babies than mothers living in food-secure households. This result is in agreement with the studies conducted in Ethiopia, Bangladesh, and New York City [ 50 – 53 ]. This may be because mothers who were live in food-insecure households may lack the resources or ability to produce enough food/or generate sufficient income on a long-term basis, resulting in the mother receiving insufficient nutrients during her pregnancy, which are critical for the fetus’ growth and development, especially in the second and third trimesters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Household food insecurity and physically demanding work during pregnancy are risk factors for low birth weight in north Shewa zone public hospitals, Central Ethiopia, 2021: a multicenter cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background Despite numerous efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health medical services, over 20 million babies are born with low birth weights each year globally. However, factors related to low birth weight like physically demanding work during pregnancy, intimate partner violence, and food insecurity have not been explored well in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and associated factors among neonates born in public Hospitals in North Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June 15 –to July 15, 2021, in North Shewa public hospitals. A total of 441 mothers and newborn pairs were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire with chart reviewing. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Data version 3.1 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 respectively. Binary logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with low birth weight. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered to declare the statistically significant association. Results The prevalence of low-birth-weight was 17.7% (95% CI: 14.3, 21.5). Pregnancy-related complication [AOR = 2.16; 95% CI:(1.12,4.18)], grand-multiparty [AOR = 2.57; 95% CI:(1.12,5.88)], physically demanding work during pregnancy [AOR = 2.19; 95% CI:(1.11,4.33)], midd-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm [AOR = 2.54; 95% CI:(1.26,5.10)], partner violence during pregnancy [AOR = 3.77; 95% CI:(1.81,7.88)], and being member of household with food insecure [AOR = 2.31; 95% CI:(1.12,4.75)] were factors significantly associated with low birth weight. Conclusions This study showed that the magnitude of low birth weight was relatively high. Women with pregnancy-related complications, grand multiparty, physically demanding work during pregnancy, intimate partner violence, mid-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm, and food insecurity should be prioritized for mitigating LBW. Health care professionals should focus on Screening pregnant women for intimate partner violence, physically demanding activities, undernutrition and providing appropriate treatment during all maternal continuum of care might be helpful.

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“…Maternal nutrition and morbidities are also directly associated with low birth weight among newborn babies [37][38][39][40] and nutritional intervention is recommended to avert low birth weight thereby neonatal mortality [41][42][43]. In Ethiopia, studies revealed that pregnant mothers are suffering from malnutrition due to inadequate food diversity and household food insecurity [44,45], and these further result in low birth weight and preterm birth [40,46,47] as well as directly in neonatal mortality [48]. Food insecurity is common in Ethiopia as revealed by studies [49][50][51] and significant food insecurity was observed in lowland and highland areas than in midland areas [51].…”

Section: Number Of Babies Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of neonatal mortality: a spatial and multilevel analysis of the 2019 mini-Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Gudayu

2023

BMC Pediatr

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Background Sub-Saharan African countries are a high-burden region of neonatal mortality and showed slow progress in its reduction. In developing countries, as long as the current trend of mortality persists, achieving a sustainable development target for neonatal mortality would be challenging. The aim of this study was to detect significant geographic areas and identify community and individual-level predictors of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia to draw attention to a policy. Methods A weighted total sample of 24,136 mothers from the 2019 mini-Ethiopian demographic and health survey data were included in the analysis. Global Moran’s I statistics was run to check the clustering of neonatal mortality and then kriging interpolation was done to predict the magnitude of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. In addition, SaTScan analysis was also executed to identify hot spot clusters of neonatal mortality. Finally, a multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify community and individual-level predictors of early neonatal and neonatal mortality. Results The lifetime early neonatal and neonatal mortality among mothers in Ethiopia was 5.08 (95% CI: 4.13–6.03) and 6.54 (5.55, 7.52) per 1000 births respectively. Neonatal mortality was spatially clustered in the country and the SaTScan analysis identified significant hotspot areas of neonatal mortality in the Amhara and Afar regions and some areas of the Somali and Oromia regions. Its predicted magnitude was > 8 per 1000 births in wide areas of the Amhara and Benishangul regions. A multilevel mixed-effect logistics regression analysis identified that a lower level of maternal education, being a twin neonate, and being a male neonate were predictors of both early neonatal and neonatal mortality. Whereas, the younger age of mothers predicted neonatal mortality. Conclusions Neonatal mortality in Ethiopia is geographically clustered and sociodemographic and obstetric factors played a significant role. Policy direction should focus on evidence-based practices like midwives-led community and facility-based continuum of care from preconception to postnatal periods to possibly reduce neonatal mortality.

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Food insecurity and other possible factors contributing to low birth weight: A case control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Food Insecurity and Other Possible Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Among Mothers Who Gave Birth to Live Newborns in West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Unmatched Case–Control Study

Effect of Food Insecurity and Other Possible Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Among Mothers Who Gave Birth to Live Newborns in West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Unmatched Case–Control Study

Household food insecurity and physically demanding work during pregnancy are risk factors for low birth weight in north Shewa zone public hospitals, Central Ethiopia, 2021: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Epidemiology of neonatal mortality: a spatial and multilevel analysis of the 2019 mini-Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

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