Food Insecurity and Health: Practices and Policies to Address Food Insecurity among Children

Hartline‐Grafton, Heather; Hassink, Sandra G.

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2020.07.006

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Overall adolescent girls from food insecure households near to two times more likely to be stunted which is supported by other local reports in Amhara national region [ 23 ], Dabat [ 12 ], Jimma [ 51 ]. It’s the fact that one of the underlying causes of under-nutrition is food insecurity [ 52 , 53 ]. This implies food insecure individuals have been affected by stunting and exposing them to further complications like poor school performance and poor reproductive outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under nutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in the rural and urban districts of Debark, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study

2021

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Introduction Adolescence is the time of puberty in which a substantial changes in physical, mental, and emotional are observed; Nutritional requirements significantly rise as a result. Even though improving adolescent girls’ nutritional status helps to break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, many studies in Ethiopia focus on determining the nutritional status of under-five and pregnant women and even they don’t show disparities between urban and rural adolescent girls. Thus, this study was aimed at comparing the rural and urban prevalence’s of stunting and thinness and their associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in Debark district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Method A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 792 adolescent girls from February 25th to March 21st 2020. A multi-stage sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-based questionnaire. Different anthropometric measurements were taken. The collected data were entered to Epi-data and exported into SPSS for analyses. Variables with p-values < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were exported to multivariable logistic regression model to control confounders and identify the factor. The strength of association and statistical significance was declared using the adjusted odds ratios with its corresponding 95% CI, and p-value ≤ 0.05 respectively. Results A total of 757 adolescent girls with a response rate of 95.6% were participated in the study. The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness were 20.1% and 10.3%, respectively. Stunting among rural adolescent girls was 24.2%; whereas it was 16% among urban residents. Likewise, thinness among rural adolescent girls was 8.5%; whereas it was 12.1% among urban dwellers. No latrine [AOR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.11, 3.43)], lowest media exposure [AOR: 5.14 (95% CI: 1.16, 22.74)], lower wealth class [AOR:2.58 (95% CI: 1.310, 5.091)], and middle wealth class[AOR: 2.37 (95% CI: 1.230, 4.554)] have risen the likelihood of stunting in rural setting while early adolescent age [AOR:3.17 (95% CI:1.445,6.95)] significantly associated with stunting in urban setting. Food insecurity [AOR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.01, 3.78)] was associated with stunting in overall adolescent girls. Middle adolescent age groups in rural area have more than three times to experience thinness [AOR: 3.67 (95% CI: 1. 21, 11.149)]. Whereas urban resident girls fall in early adolescent age group developed thinness were eight times [AOR: 8.39 (95% CI: 2.48–28.30)]. Conclusion Stunting was higher among rural adolescent girls as compared to urban. However, thinness was higher among urban dwellers. Lower wealth class, food insecurity, lowest media exposure, and age were significantly associated with stunting and thinness. Hence, increasing latrine coverage, boosting the economic status of the community, and increasing media exposure for adolescent girls should get due attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under nutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in the rural and urban districts of Debark, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study

2021

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“…Research has shown an association between early life adversity and lower adult SES (Metzler et al, 2017), and that children of lower SES, on average, have poorer white matter integrity than children of higher SES (Ursache and Noble, 2016; Dufford and Kim, 2017), although results have been inconsistent across studies (Chiang et al, 2011; Jednorog et al, 2012). This suggests that SES-related differences in FA may begin in childhood, and perhaps, continue to widen due to lifelong exposure to various biopsychosocial risk factors, including inadequate nutrition (Hartline-Grafton and Dean, 2017), lesser access to health care (Lazar and Davenport, 2018), chronic stress (Baum et al, 1999), environmental toxins (Evans and Kantrowitz, 2002), and greater overall burden of disease (Pathirana and Jackson, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Diffuse Cortical White Matter Integrity Between Socioeconomic Groups

Shaked

Leibel

Katzel

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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There is a growing literature demonstrating a link between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and poorer neuroanatomical health, such as smaller total and regional gray and white matter volumes, as well as greater white matter lesion volumes. Little is known, however, about the relation between SES and white matter integrity. Here we examined the relation between SES and white matter integrity of the brain’s primary cortical regions, and evaluated potential moderating influences of age and self-identified race. Participants were 192 neurologically intact, community-dwelling African American and White adults (mean age = 52 years; 44% male, 60% White, low SES = 52%) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study. Participants underwent 3.0-T cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to estimate regional fractional anisotropy (FA) to quantify the brain’s white matter integrity and trace to capture diffusivity. Multiple regression analyses examined independent and interactive associations of SES, age, and race with FA of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes bilaterally. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of several biopsychosocial risk factors on these associations. Exploratory analyses examined these relations with trace and using additional SES indicators. Results indicated there were no significant interactions of SES, age, and race for any region. Individuals with low SES had lower FA in all regions, and higher trace in the right and left frontal, right and left temporal, and left occipital lobes. Findings remained largely unchanged after inclusion of sensitivity variables. Older age was associated with lower FA and greater trace for all regions, except for the right temporal lobe with FA. No main effects were found for race in FA, and Whites had higher trace values in the parietal lobes. Novel findings of this study indicate that relative to the high SES group, low SES was associated with poorer white matter integrity and greater diffusivity. These results may, in part, reflect exposures to various biopsychosocial risk factors experienced by those of lower SES across the lifespan, and may help explain the preponderance of cognitive and functional disparities between socioeconomic groups.

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“…In recent times, nutrition has been viewed as an investment and a contributory factor towards achieving sustainable development. Therefore, anything (including food and nutrition insecurity) threatening the attainment of optimal nutrition in any population group must be urgently addressed (Webb, 2014; Hartline-Grafton, 2011). Over a third of respondents experienced reduction of meal sizes, which is similar to findings from a community-based, urban study in Addis Ababa (Birhane et al , 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A world free of hunger

Sholeye

Animasahun

Salako

2019

NFS

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Purpose Nutrition is a widely known determinant of health and well-being of individuals. Adequate nutrition is dependent on food availability and optimal dietary intake. Rural communities are known to be disadvantaged in comparison with their urban counterparts This study therefore assessed food security and dietary diversity among adults in a rural community in Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Data for the cross-sectional study were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and a 24-h dietary recall. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20. The relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Participation was fully voluntary. Findings The mean age of respondents was 46.7 ± 19.0 years. Only 43.6 per cent of the respondents were food secure; 43.4 per cent were severely food insecure; 30.3 per cent were moderately food insecure, while 26.3 per cent were mildly food insecure. Low dietary diversity was reported among 55.2 per cent of respondents; 41.0 per cent had medium dietary diversity, while 3.8 per cent had high dietary diversity. Research implications/limitations This study was entirely quantitative and facility-based, so could not explore some themes to a greater depth. It however adds to the body of knowledge on dietary diversity and food security among patients accessing primary care services at Ode-Remo and its health implications. Originality/value Food security among respondents was low and dietary diversity was sub-optimal, a risk factor for both hidden hunger and multi-nutrient under-nutrition. Dietary diversity was significantly different between food secure and food insecure respondents. Community-directed efforts at improving residents’ food security status and dietary diversification efforts will be most appropriate and sustainable, thereby promoting self-reliance and wellbeing.

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Food Insecurity and Health: Practices and Policies to Address Food Insecurity among Children

Cited by 35 publications

References 72 publications

Under nutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in the rural and urban districts of Debark, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study

Under nutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in the rural and urban districts of Debark, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study

Disparities in Diffuse Cortical White Matter Integrity Between Socioeconomic Groups

A world free of hunger

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