Food Import Refusals: Evidence from the European Union

Import Restrictions and Food‐Safety Regulations: Insight from Brazil

“…Vested with more competences by the passage of the General Food Regulation, RASFF reports alert notifications (for food or feed presenting a serious health risk and requiring rapid action), information notifications (for cases in which a risk has been identified but no rapid action must be taken), and border rejections (food and feed that are rejected at the EU's external borders when a health risk is detected). It is the latter category—border rejections—that corresponds to an import refusal (Baylis et al, , p. 2).…”

“…Brazil's entrance into the international honey trade was favored by embargos on honey from major producing countries, most notably China. In February 2002, the EU banned imports of honey from China after finding chloramphenicol—an antibiotic widely used in apiculture—that exceeded the legally defined maximum permissible levels (Baylis et al, , p. 566; Cheng, , p. 238). Japan and the United States followed the EU's example in banning Chinese honey.…”

Sustainable Agricultural Development

“…To our knowledge, there are only two studies that have focused on the reputation effect regarding the exports of developing countries: the analyses by Baylis et al (2010) and by Jouanjean et al (2012). Departing from these two documents, we extended knowledge on the reputation effect concerning EU imports.…”

A political economy approach to measuring EU food standard enforcement and their implications on agri-food trade.

“…To our best knowledge, there is only one study in the literature that has focused on the effect of reputation on developing countries exports' and this has been applied to the US food imports. Another article, Baylis et al, (2010) considered EU fish imports and explored whether SPS measures were influenced by trade protection but without testing past behavior on food border controls…”

“…We turn the analysis to the EU, using a more general notion of notifications on food standards. Food standard enforcement by the EU has received some attention in recent studies, as a determinant of trade (Baylis et al, 2010) or as a dependent variable . This last paper does not consider reputation effects.…”