Food habits and prey selection of tiger and leopard in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India

Ramesh, Tharmalingam; Snehalatha, V.; Sankar, Kalyanasundaram; Qureshi, Qamar

doi:10.20894/stet.116.002.003.010

Cited by 44 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Available studies in India reported high dietary overlap amongst leopard, wild dog and tiger (Johnsingh 1983;Karanth & Sunquist 1995;Ramesh et al 2008). Similar to present study, the dietary overlap between leopard and tiger was observed 94% in Nagarhole Tiger Reserve (Karanth & Sunquist 1995) and 82% in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (Ramesh et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Similar to present study, the dietary overlap between leopard and tiger was observed 94% in Nagarhole Tiger Reserve (Karanth & Sunquist 1995) and 82% in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (Ramesh et al 2008). Evidences suggest that among large sympatric carnivores, the larger carnivores can prey on broader size ranges of prey classes due to their prey handling capabilities (Gittleman 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Percentage biomass consumption and percentage individual consumption were also estimated using the parameters of percentage occurrence of the prey species in the scats, Ackerman's correction factor and average body weight of the prey species (Karanth & Sunquist 1995;Biswas & Sankar 2002;Mondal et al 2011). The average body weight of prey species of leopard and tiger required for biomass estimation were taken from Karanth & Sunquist (1995), Sankar & Johnsingh (2002), Ramesh et al (2008) and Mondal et al (2011). The prey selection was also determined by using Ivelev's index (Ivelev 1961), E = (u -a)/(u + a), where, 'u' was observed relative frequency occurrence of prey items in predator scats and 'a' was expected scat proportion in the environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopardPanthera pardus(Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tigerPanthera tigris(Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India

Mondal

Gupta

Bhattacharjee

et al. 2012

Italian Journal of Zoology

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After the extermination of tigers in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India in 2004, three tigers were re-introduced in Sariska during [2008][2009]. The present study examined the prey selection and dietary overlap between leopard and tiger after re-introduction of tiger in the study area. Scat analysis revealed the presence of nine prey species in leopard scat (n = 90 scats) and five prey species in tiger scats (n = 103 scats). Percentage frequency of occurrence of sambar (45.5%) was found to be the highest followed by chital (15.2%) > nilgai (8.9%) > cattle (7.1%) > common langur (6.3%) > peafowl (6.3%) > rodent (5.4%) > wild pig (2.7%) and hare (2.7%) in leopard diet. In the diet of tiger, sambar contributed maximum (41.7%) followed by chital (26.2%), cattle (19.4%), nilgai (10.7%) and common langur (1.9%). The present study revealed that both the predator utilized and preferred prey species in similar way, though there was difference in selection of prey species in terms of sex and age class as observed by kill records. The dietary overlap between leopard and tiger was found to be 94%. The results suggested considerable overlap between the two carnivores along diet axis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopardPanthera pardus(Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tigerPanthera tigris(Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India

Mondal

Gupta

Bhattacharjee

et al. 2012

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…Scat analysis is a common technique in determining diets of terrestrial carnivores (Rajaratnam et al, 2007;Ramesh et al, 2009;Bianchi et al, 2011;Klare et al, 2011). We collected 52 Persian leopard scats between 2009 and 2010.…”

Section: Sampling Methods and Scat Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is highly tolerant of variations in elevation, temperature, and precipitation (Ramesh et al, 2009). The leopard is a successful predator because of its large size and adaptability to a variety of habitats, enabling it to prey on an array of prey species, ranging in size from small rodents to cervids and bovids weighing hundreds of kilograms (Ramesh et al, 2009). The Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor), categorized as Endangered (EN) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (http://www.redlist.org), is the largest felid in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and habitat use of the endangered Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) in northeastern Iran

Taghdisi¹,

Mohammadi²,

Nourani³

et al. 2013

Turk J Zool

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Wild boar recognition using convolutional neural networks

Silva

Pádua²,

Ogusuku³

et al. 2020

Concurrency and Computation

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Summary Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a destructive species of swine. They spread diseases, represent a threat to native species, and destroy natural habitats by destabilizing river banks, thus reducing water flow. The monitoring of populations of wild boars is central to the execution and evaluation of methods to control them. To address this issue, in this article, we retrain and apply four convolutional neural networks (CNNs; AlexNet, VGG‐16, Inception‐v3, and ResNet‐50) to classify different species of “bush pigs” in real‐world footage: two native species of the Brazilian fauna, collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), and one invasive species, wild boar (S. scrofa). Results show that CNN can be used to classify animals with very similar behavior and appearance and that ResNet‐50 outperforms all compared CNN in terms of accuracy (98.33%) and the lowest probability of false positives (i.e., native species classified as wild boar).

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Food habits and prey selection of tiger and leopard in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopardPanthera pardus(Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tigerPanthera tigris(Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India

Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopardPanthera pardus(Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tigerPanthera tigris(Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India

Diet and habitat use of the endangered Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) in northeastern Iran

Wild boar recognition using convolutional neural networks

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