Food Habits and Nutrient Intake in Childhood in Relation to Health and Socioeconomic Conditions

Hagman, U; Bruce, Åke; Persson, Lars‐Åke; Samuelson, Gösta; Sjölin, Stig

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10381.x

Cited by 57 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The higher energy intake derived from fat in children aged 2±3 y is possibly due to the fact that they consume more milk, eggs, meat, biscuits and confectionery than other food items. Boys have a higher intake of fat (g/Kg of body weight/d) than girls, mainly in pre and pubertal age groups, which agrees with other studies (Nicklas, 1987;Hagman, 1986;Pao, 1985;Neiderud, 1990). The percentage of energy intake derived from fat is higher (41%) than in other countries: USA (37%), Italy (28%), Finland (37%), Hungary (34%), Holland (38%), Portugal (29%), Australia (39%) and China (31%) (West, 1990;McPherson, 1990;Nicklas, 1987;Nicklas, 1991;Leung, 1984;Jenner, 1988;Pao, 1985;Chen Chu-ming, 1986;Farris, 1984;Salz, 1983), but we must take under consideration the different dietary investigation methods used in some of these studies.…”

Section: Fatsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The present study aims to ful®ll this need and is the ®rst epidemiological nutritional survey in Greek children to be based on a large, strati®ed multiform sample (1932 children). In other national studies the sample varies from 460±1401 children (Mcpherson, 1990;Nicklas, 1987;Salz, 1983;Leung, 1984;Hackett, 1985;Jenner, 1988;Arab, 1982;Hagman, 1986;Samuelson, 1971;Persson, 1989) with the exception of the USA, where National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I, II and III had a sample of about 7000 children (Jones, 1985). The selection of the suitable methods to collect dietary information is of great importance for the validity (Young, 1960;Johansen, 1988) and the reliability of the results of the nutritional survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ®ndings of the present study are comparable to studies in the USA (Leung, 1984;Pao, 1985;Farris, 1986) while older USA studies showed a higher protein intake than in Greece (Farris, 1986). In other western countries such as France (Deheeger, 1990) and Sweden (Hagman, 1986;Samuelson, 1971;Persson, 1989) children have higher protein intake, while in Australia there is lower intake (Hagman, 1986). There is not protein underintake in Greek children since all have protein …”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional survey in Greek children: nutrient intake

Roma-Giannikou¹,

Adamidis²,

Gianniou³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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The aim of the survey was to record the food habits and nutrient intake of Greek children. Data was obtained by a 3 d household measured diet record from a random strati®ed sample (1936 children aged 2±14 y). Mean daily protein intake was much higher than PRI and none of the children had lower intake than AR. Mean energy intake from protein was 15%, carbohydrate 44% and fat 41%. Eighty-four percent of children had energy intake from fat higher than the AR. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) provided approximately 15%, monounsaturated (MUFA) 17% and polyunsaturated (PUFA) 6% of energy. Eighty-seven percent of children had higher intake of SFA than the AR. Six percent of children had SFA intake lower than the AR and 50% higher than the AR. None of the children had PUFA intake lower than PRI and 0.3% higher than the maximum limit. 4.2% of children had calcium intake lower than LTI and 88% higher or equal to PRI. All children had phosphorus intake higher than PRI and less than the lower safe ratio of Ca/P; 50% of them had P intake higher than 1.5 g/d. The majority of children had suf®cient iron intake with the exception of menstruated girls. Mean vitamin A intake was higher than PRI and lower than the toxic levels. All children had vitamin C intake higher than LTI. Median vitamin D intake varied from 1.7±2.1 mgr. Median energy intake was higher than the AR in preschool children, but lower in the older children. We conclude that Greek children do not underintake energy and protein, overintake SFA, have safe intake of PUFA, vitamin A and C and high intake of MUFA, underintake carbohydrates, have adequate Ca, but a considerably high P intake. Vitamin D is low in small children, but the biological available vitamin D is obviously higher due to sunlight.

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Section: Fatsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nutritional survey in Greek children: nutrient intake

Roma-Giannikou¹,

Adamidis²,

Gianniou³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their lifestyle, including their food habits, will be affected. Many studies have shown that children's and adolescents' food habits are in¯uenced by the socioeconomic conditions of the family (Samuelson et al, 1971;Hagman et al, 1986). In a rapidly changing society, attitudes to food items, meal patterns, physical activity and smoking change need to be observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food habits in Swedish adolescents in relation to socioeconomic conditions

Höglund¹,

Samuelson

Mark³

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To describe the food habits of Swedish adolescents 14±15 y of age. To analyse the connection between food habits and socioeconomic circumstances and background factors. Design: Cross-sectional survey using a Food Frequency Questionnaire including questions on meal patterns. Setting: The city of Go Èteborg and the County of A È lvsborg, Sweden 1996. Subjects: Pupils in the 8th grade in all schools in the city of Go Èteborg and the County of A È lvsborg were in February 1996 invited to participate. The study comprised 7605 pupils. The drop-out rate was 14.4% (n 1280). Results: The adolescents had an infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits and they had a daily consumption of sweets. Cereals, dairy products and snacks: buns, wafers, soft drinks, ice cream and potato crisps were consumed more than once a day. Thirty percent of the girls and 20% of the boys did not eat breakfast every day. The free school lunch was eaten daily by 50% of the boys and 30% of the girls, the remainder ate some type of snack. A negative correlation was found between smoking and the frequency of vegetable consumption. Pupils from areas with high socioeconomic status more often ate breakfast and lunch and the boys more often ate dinner compared to adolescents from areas with low socioeconomic status. Conclusions: An irregular meal pattern as well as snack consumption and smoking were common, especially among girls in areas with low socioeconomic status. Sponsorship: The city of Go Èteborg and the County Council of A È lvsborg. Descriptors: adolescents; food habits; socioeconomic status IntroductionDuring adolescence young people are very easily in¯u-enced by their peers, advertisements and changes in society. Their lifestyle, including their food habits, will be affected. Many studies have shown that children's and adolescents' food habits are in¯uenced by the socioeconomic conditions of the family (Samuelson et al, 1971;Hagman et al, 1986). In a rapidly changing society, attitudes to food items, meal patterns, physical activity and smoking change need to be observed.Two dietary surveys among 14, 15 and 17-y old adolescents in Sweden has recently published, one from a university town in the north (Bergstro Èm et al, 1993) and the other from a city and an industrial town in the mid-west of Sweden (Samuelson et al, 1996). In both these studies, it was shown that the adolescents had a frequent consumption of snacks and snack-meals. However, socioeconomic factors seemed not to have such a great impact on food habits as in earlier studies among Swedish children up to 13 y of age. In the present study, the total population of pupils in the 8th grade (14±15 y of age) living in the city of Go Èteborg and the County of A È lvsborg was studied, giving an opportunity to incorporate adolescents from different socioeconomic areas, both from a large city and from towns of different sizes as well as from rural areas. Aims of the study(1) To describe the food habits and meal pattern among pupils in the 8th grade of the elementary school, ...

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“…Among ®ve recent dietary surveys of Swedish school children reporting participation rates (Hagman et al, 1986;Bergstro Èm et al, 1993;Becker, 1994;Ho Èglund et al, 1996;Samuelson et al, 1996) the rates varied from 66±87%. A drop-out analysis in one of these surveys reported that participants were more likely than nonparticipants to have a mother with higher education level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of bias in a dietary survey of children

et al. 1998

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Objective: To compare non-responders and responders to a dietary survey with respect to demographic variables and intention to choose selected breakfast foods, and to examine if there was any systematic change in number of food items reported during a 7 d recording period. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Mo Èlndal, Sweden. Subjects: All pupils in 5th, 7th and 9th grades in the municipality were asked to complete a questionnaire during school hours. All those present (n 1584, 92% of total) answered questions about lifestyle factors and about intentions, attitudes and beliefs concerning high-®bre bread and milk with varying fat content. All subjects in the initial sample were asked to ®ll in a 7 d record of food consumed. Acceptable food records were completed by 69% of the initial participants. Results: Subjects not completing the food record differed signi®cantly from participants with respect to demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors. Dropout was more common among those who reported not usually eating breakfast and among those intending to drink whole milk for breakfast. A decline in reported food items during the recording period was also observed. Conclusions: Two sources of bias were observed here, one indicating signi®cant differences between nonparticipants and participants, the other suggesting the presence of a time-dependent trend in number of recorded foods. It is likely such biases are present in other dietary surveys involving schoolchildren, and should be taken into consideration in the design, analysis and interpretation of such studies. Sponsorship: The Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research and the National Institute for Public Health.

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Food Habits and Nutrient Intake in Childhood in Relation to Health and Socioeconomic Conditions

Cited by 57 publications

References 32 publications

Nutritional survey in Greek children: nutrient intake

Nutritional survey in Greek children: nutrient intake

Food habits in Swedish adolescents in relation to socioeconomic conditions

Sources of bias in a dietary survey of children

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