Food Groups Associated with a Composite Measure of Probability of Adequate Intake of 11 Micronutrients in the Diets of Women in Urban Mali

Abstract

The prevalence of micronutrient deficiency is high among women of reproductive age living in urban Mali. Despite this, there are little data on the dietary intake of micronutrients among women of reproductive age in Mali. This research tested the relationship between the quantity of intake of 21 possible food groups and estimated usual micronutrient (folate, vitamin B-12, calcium, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A, iron, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin C, and zinc) intakes and a composite measure of adequacy of 11 micronutrients [mean probability of adequacy (MPA)] based on the individual probability of adequacy (PA) for the 11 micronutrients. Food group and micronutrient intakes were calculated from 24-h recall data in an urban sample of Malian women. PA was lowest for folate, vitamin B-12, calcium, and riboflavin. The overall MPA for the composite measure of 11 micronutrients was 0.47 ± 0.18. Grams of intake from the nuts/seeds, milk/yogurt, vitamin A-rich dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), and vitamin C-rich vegetables food groups were correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.20-0.36; P < 0.05) with MPA. Women in the highest consumption groups of nuts/seeds and DGLV had 5- and 6-fold greater odds of an MPA > 0.5, respectively. These findings can be used to further the development of indicators of dietary diversity and to improve micronutrient intakes of women of reproductive age.

The Contribution of Forests and Trees to Sustainable Diets

“…This measure allows researchers to better capture the whole-diet approach in a quick and low-cost manner. Translating this approach into programs is challenging, however, and researchers are investigating the best assessment tools for evaluating diversity in diets and nutritional outcomes [125,[132][133][134][135].…”

Dietary Diversity in Relation to Micronutrient Adequacy in the Diets of Adolescents of Fatehabad Haryana, India

“…Hatloy et al, (1998) found no correlation between FVS and DDS with adequacy of micronutrients in children aged 13-58 months. However, other studies did find a positive and significant association between food group diversity and micronutrient adequacy (Rani et al, 2010;Kennedy et al, 2010;Moore et al, 2012).…”

Comparing intake estimations based on food composition data with chemical analysis in Malian women

“…The main sources of available carbohydrates in our study were starchy staples such as refined white rice, refined wheat flour, bread or millet/sorghum (15) . Variation may occur during the cooking process by modifying the water content and differences in water content will likely account for many of the differences in available carbohydrate content in the food (42) .…”

“…The sampling procedure has been described elsewhere (15,16) . Women were selected based on their willingness to participate in the study.…”

“…* For the staple foods found in TACAM, the nutrient value of the cooked form was preferred when documented. To account for nutrient losses during cooking of other foods for which only raw values are provided in TACAM, such as fish, meat and vegetables, the US Department of Agriculture's retention factors, release 6 (25) were applied (15) . RAE values were missing in TACAM for all consumed foods, so β-carotene and retinol values were converted into RAE using the International Vitamin A Consultative Group's recommended conversion factors (26) .…”