Food group intake at self-reported eating occasions across the day: secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey 2011–2012

Rebuli, Megan A.; Williams, Gemma; James-Martin, Genevieve; Hendrie, Gilly A.

doi:10.1017/s1368980020001585

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A study investigating intake of South Australian primary schoolaged children (8-11 years) in 2010 showed that children were consuming fruit or discretionary choices during morning snack break, and sandwiches during the lunch break (12) . Further evidence has shown that over half of children's total day intake of discretionary choices occurs during snack eating occasions (37) , which corresponds with common morning snack breaks in Australian schools. To address commonly consumed discretionary choices, school-based interventions may consider targeting snack eating occasions in school, to encourage vegetable snack consumption (21) , and discourage high sugar, fat and/or Na food and beverages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

Manson

Johnson

Zarnowiecki

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective School food intake of Australian children is not comprehensively described in literature, with limited temporal, nationally representative data. Greater understanding of intake at school can inform school-based nutrition promotion. This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of primary-aged children during school hours and its contribution to daily intake. Design This secondary analysis used nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using validated 24-hour dietary recalls on school days. Descriptive statistics were undertaken to determine energy, nutrients, food groups, and food products consumed during school hours, as well as their contributions to total daily intake. Associations between school food intake and socio-demographic characteristics were explored. Setting Australia. Participants Seven hundred and ninety-five children aged 5-12 years. Results Children consumed 37% of their daily energy and 31-43% of select nutrient intake during school hours, with discretionary choices contributing 44% of school energy intake. Most children consumed less than one serve of vegetables, meat and alternatives or milk and alternatives during school hours. Commonly consumed products were discretionary choices (34%, including biscuits, processed meat), bread (17%) and fruit (12%). There were limited associations with SES variables, apart from child age. Conclusions Children’s diets were not aligned with national recommendations, with school food characterised by high intake of discretionary choices. These findings are consistent with previous Australian evidence and support transformation of the Australian school food system to better align school food consumption with recommendations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

Manson

Johnson

Zarnowiecki

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, this would require significant dietary change for most Australians (intake of legumes would need to increase by about 20-fold). Substantially increasing legume consumption would be a big cultural shift for Australians, as they are not commonly part of meals [ 44 ]. Reductions in animal meats can make it more difficult to achieve adequate iron and zinc intakes so careful meal planning is required, particularly as the bioavailability of these nutrients is lower in plant-based foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards healthier and more sustainable diets in the Australian context: comparison of current diets with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet

et al. 2022

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Background There is increasing focus on moving populations towards healthier and more environmentally sustainable dietary patterns. The Australian Dietary Guidelines provide dietary patterns that promote health and wellbeing. It is unclear how these guidelines align with the more recently published global recommendations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Reference Diet, and how Australian diets compare to both sets of recommendations. Methods Data from one 24-h recall collected for the 2011–13 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were analysed for 5,920 adults aged 19–50 years. Subgroups of this population were identified by diet quality and lower or higher consumption of foods often considered to be environmentally intensive (higher animal meat and dairy foods) or associated with healthiness (higher vegetables and lower discretionary choices). Food group and nutrient composition of Australian diets were compared to diets modelled on the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Planetary Health Reference Diet. The environmental impacts of diets were estimated using an index of combined metrics. Results Compared with the Planetary Health Reference Diet, the Australian Dietary Guidelines contained more servings of the vegetable, dairy and alternatives, fruit, and discretionary choices. The amount of meat and alternatives was higher in the Planetary Health Reference Diet than Australian Dietary Guidelines due to the inclusion of more plant-based meat alternatives. The average Australian diet contained two to almost four times the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Planetary Health Reference Diet maximum recommended intake of discretionary choices, and provided inadequate amounts of the vegetables, cereals, unsaturated fats and meats and alternatives food groups, primarily due to lower intakes of plant-based alternatives. The average Australian diet also contained less dairy and alternatives than the Australian Dietary Guidelines. In the average Australian diet, red meat and poultry contributed 73% to the total servings of meat and alternatives compared to 33% and 10% for the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Planetary Health Reference Diet respectively. The modelled Australian Dietary Guidelines diet met the relevant nutrient reference value for all 22 nutrients examined, whereas the Planetary Health Reference Diet contained an inadequate amount of calcium. The environmental impact scores of the Planetary Health Reference Diet and Australian Dietary Guidelines were 31% and 46% lower than the average Australian diet. Conclusions Significant changes are required for Australians’ dietary intake to align more closely with national and global dietary recommendations for health and environmental sustainability.

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“…In addition, there is a need to encourage the number of eating occasions when vegetables are included. In Australia, vegetables are predominantly consumed with dinner [ 78 , 79 ]. Vegetable intake could be increased if the types of meals containing vegetables were also consumed more frequently for lunch and at other times during the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets with Higher Vegetable Intake and Lower Environmental Impact: Evidence from a Large Australian Population Health Survey

2022

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Increasing the consumption of vegetables is a public health nutrition priority in Australia. This must be achieved in the context of lowering dietary environmental impacts. In this study, a subgroup of 1700 Australian adult daily diets having a higher diet-quality score and a lower environmental impact score was isolated from Australian Health Survey data. These diets were primarily distinguished by their lower content of energy-dense/nutrient-poor discretionary foods. Among these diets, those with higher levels of vegetable intake were characterized by greater variety of vegetables eaten, lower intake of bread and cereal foods, and higher intake of red meat. These diets also had a greater likelihood of achieving recommended intakes for a range of vitamins and minerals. These findings highlighted the importance of considering the total diet in developing strategies to promote healthy and sustainable food consumption, as well as the need to understand the interrelationships between foods that exist in a local cultural context. As vegetables are usually eaten with other foods, higher vegetable consumption in Australia could be supported by encouraging more regular consumption of the types of meals that include larger quantities of vegetables. Our results showed that this was possible while also substantially lowering total dietary environmental impacts.

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Food group intake at self-reported eating occasions across the day: secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey 2011–2012

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

Towards healthier and more sustainable diets in the Australian context: comparison of current diets with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet

Diets with Higher Vegetable Intake and Lower Environmental Impact: Evidence from a Large Australian Population Health Survey

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