Food fraud vulnerability assessment: Towards a global consensus on procedures to manage and mitigate food fraud

Barrère, Virginie; Everstine, Karen; Théolier, Jérémie; Godefroy, Samuel Benrejeb

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.002

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Food safety is a global problem as almost one in ten people worldwide fall sick due to contaminated food, and 420,000 die every year due to foodborne diseases [ 1 ]; however, consumers’ awareness of food safety remains modest worldwide [ 2 , 3 ]. Recent food frauds, such as melamine in infant formula milk in China [ 4 ], horsemeat in beef burgers in Ireland [ 5 ] and food safety risks such as mad cow disease [ 6 ], have increasingly captured public attention [ 7 ]. Subsequently, consumers have lost confidence in food safety in developed and developing countries [ 8 ]; however, food safety problems are especially severe in developing countries [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Pay for Food Labelling Schemes in Vietnam: A Choice Experiment on Water Spinach

Tran

Broeckhoven

Hung

et al. 2022

Foods

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The growing concern for food safety and quality motivates governments and private sectors to improve consumers’ confidence in food systems, such as through adopting certifications and traceability systems. The recent emergence of diverse food labelling schemes and the turbulence in food systems in emerging countries have sparked questions about consumers’ valuation of such labels. Nonetheless, little is known on how the familiarity with, trust in and knowledge of these food labelling schemes affect consumers’ willingness to pay for labelling schemes in emerging market contexts. This study aims to address these literature gaps by investigating consumers’ valuation of existing certifications, branding and traceability labelling schemes in Vietnam. A face-to-face survey was conducted, including a discrete choice experiment on water spinach in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The findings indicated that Vietnamese consumers are generally willing to pay price premia for food labelling schemes, such as VietGAP certification, EU and USDA organic certifications, private branding and traceable Quick Response (QR) coding. While familiarity and understanding had no significant impact on Vietnamese consumers’ valuation, trust was found to be a critical factor shaping willingness to pay for products bearing VietGAP label. Policy implications and marketing strategies for organic certifications and traceability schemes in Vietnam are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Pay for Food Labelling Schemes in Vietnam: A Choice Experiment on Water Spinach

Tran

Broeckhoven

Hung

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…The vulnerability to food fraud extends beyond credence-based foods to all foods so effective counter-fraud strategies need to be in place. The lack of consensus on developing a standardized process for food fraud vulnerability assessment needs to be addressed [115,116]. The case studies in this paper however show that whilst some organizations can develop counter-fraud strategies to address organic food fraud, by the nature of the fraud undertaken (substitution, mislabeling); the organizations involved will still seek to deceive others especially if there is a reliance on institutional trust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Considering Fraud Vulnerability Associated with Credence-Based Products Such as Organic Food

Manning

Kowalska

2021

Foods

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Organic foods carry a premium price. They are credence-based foods, i.e., it is difficult for consumers to evaluate the premium aspects of organic food under normal use. In global supply chains, organic food is purchased on institutional trust (certification, logos, standards) rather than on relational trust. Relying on institutional trust makes consumers vulnerable to criminals who intentionally label conventional product as organic or develop sophisticated organized crime networks to defraud businesses and consumers. The aim of this research is to explore cases of organic fraud that are emergent from academic and gray literature searches to identify ways to strengthen future capabilities to counter illicit activities in a globalized food environment. Each case is considered in terms of perpetrator motivations (differentiated as economic, cultural, and behaviorally orientated drivers), the mode of operation (simple or organized), the guardians involved/absent, and the business and supply chain level vulnerabilities the cases highlight. The study finds that institutional trust is particularly vulnerable to fraud. Supply chain guardians need to recognize this vulnerability and implement effective controls to reduce the likelihood of occurrence. However, in some cases considered in the study, the guardians themselves were complicit in the illicit behavior, further increasing consumer vulnerability. Future research needs to consider how additional controls can be implemented, without increasing supply chain friction that will impact on food trade and supply, that can ensure consumers are purchasing what they believe they are paying for.

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“…The economic effect can be analysed in the form of money, which includes a decrease in sales, legal fees and product recall. Apart from the decrease in sales, the decrease of consumer trust towards the products could also be considered as the economic effect of this food fraud (Barrere et al, 2020). The other impact would be health impact as illustrated by Johnson (2014), whereby he contended that the practice of food fraud would bring unintended negative repercussions towards the consumer in certain cases, even though this practice is generally harmless to human health.…”

Section: Consumerism Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Related Theories and the Right to Informed Choice for Consumer in Nano Food Consumption

Zulkupri

Mahmood

Zainol

et al. 2022

UUM Journal of Legal Studies

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The use of nanomaterials in food-by-food producers has increased in today’s modern society. Food that contains nanomaterials is known as nano food, which is associated with both benefits and risks. Due to the uncertainty of its risks, it is important to accord consumers with the right to informed choice in the context of nano food consumption. In the absence of this right in the existing food legislation in Malaysia, this paper aims to examine the underlying principles from the perspective of consumer-related theories to provide theoretical justification in reforming the present food legislation. This paper presents how the identified consume-related theories can be applied to explain the need for such rights in Malaysian legislation. Three consumer-related theories, which are the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Consumerism heory, and Postmodernism Theory, are analysed through a doctrinal approach and via theory analysis. Deductive inferences were made to establish the rationale for the need to have the right of informed choice available to consumers in the context of nano food consumption. The examination of the theories evidently shows that the right to informed choice can be exercised through labelling requirements for nano food. This paper contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge as it highlights the need for the right to informed choice for consumers in nano food consumption, and emphasises the identification of consumer-related theories to support legislative reform so as to include the right. This paper suggests the use of labelling as a way of according the right to informed choice to consumers in nano food consumption.

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Food fraud vulnerability assessment: Towards a global consensus on procedures to manage and mitigate food fraud

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Willingness to Pay for Food Labelling Schemes in Vietnam: A Choice Experiment on Water Spinach

Willingness to Pay for Food Labelling Schemes in Vietnam: A Choice Experiment on Water Spinach

Considering Fraud Vulnerability Associated with Credence-Based Products Such as Organic Food

Consumer Related Theories and the Right to Informed Choice for Consumer in Nano Food Consumption

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