Food Fortification of Instant Pulse Porridge Powder with Improved Iron and Zinc Bioaccessibility Using Roselle Calyx

Abstract

Undernutrition and mineral deficiencies negatively impact both the health and academic performance of school children, while diets high in phytic acid and some phenolics inhibit the absorption of minerals such as iron and zinc. This study developed instant porridge powders rich in iron and zinc using pregelatinized chickpea flour (PCPF) and pregelatinized foxtail millet flour (PFMF) and assessed the potential of utilizing roselle calyx powder (RCP) as a source of organic acids to enhance its iron and zinc bioaccessibility. Physical properties, nutrients, mineral inhibitors and in vitro iron and zinc bioaccessibility of different proportions of PCPF, PFMF and RCP in instant porridge powders were evaluated. Three instant porridge powder formulations including instant chickpea powder (ICP) using PCPF, instant composite flour (ICF) using PCPF and PFMF and instant pulse porridge powder (IPP) using PCPF, PFMF and RCP were developed. Results show that all instant porridge powders were accepted by sensory evaluation, while different ingredients impacted color, consistency and the viscosity index. Addition of RCP improved the bioaccessibility of iron (1.3–1.6-fold) and zinc (1.3–1.9-fold). A 70 g serving of these instant porridge powders substantially contributed to daily protein, iron and zinc requirement for children aged 7–9 years. These porridge powders hold potential to serve as school meals for young children in low-to-middle income countries.

Effect of autoclaving-time treatment on physicochemical, antioxidant properties and shelf-life prediction of Indonesian instant cassava leaves porridge

“…Furthermore, mineral zinc (2.73 mg/100g), calcium (174.48 mg/100 g), iodine (335.97 mg/100 g) and iron (2.9 mg/100 g) were also contained in instant porridge (Table 2). This result was lower than the mineral-supplemented instant pulse porridge powder reported by Subedi et al (2022), where instant pulse porridge contains carbohydrates (66.67%), protein (20.15%), fat (15%), ash (4.40%), energy (458kcal), iron (4.89 mg/100 g) and zinc (3.95 mg/100 g). Calcium deficiency has detrimental effects on immunity and bone health.…”

Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Three Drying Methods on the Properties of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Dahongpao Powder and Solid Drinks

“…While spray drying requires less time and typically retains sensitive substances such as color and nutrition, our study found that it resulted in the highest carotenoid content, likely due to the short drying time and protective effect of the carrier material. Few studies have explored the impact of various drying methods on mineral elements, and our findings indicate that drying has little effect on the content of seven mineral elements except for sodium and zinc [ 39 ].…”

Wolffia globosa-Based Nutritious Snack Formulation with High Protein and Dietary Fiber Contents

“…Total phenolic contents (TPCs), total flavonoid contents (TFCs), and total tannin contents (TTCs) were determined with the well-establish protocols as previously detailed [32,33]. In brief, TPCs and TTCs were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and recorded at 765 and 700 nm, respectively.…”