Food forensics: Techniques for authenticity determination of food products

Unscrambling the Provenance of Eggs by Combining Chemometrics and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

“…Issues related to food authenticity, traceability, and fraud have increased in recent decades because of the deliberate and intentional substitution, addition, tampering, or misrepresentation of food ingredients, where false or misleading statements are made about a product for economic gains [1,2]. Thus, the need has increased for reliable analytical methods to monitor and test both authenticity and fraud in food ingredients and products [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…The term food fraud is associated with the selling of a cheap food ingredient or product at the price of an expensive one [2,[5][6][7]. Food fraud has been a common challenge since ancient times due to reasons of profitability, and to mask the unusual appearance or taste of perishable foods [2,[5][6][7].…”

“…The term food fraud is associated with the selling of a cheap food ingredient or product at the price of an expensive one [2,[5][6][7]. Food fraud has been a common challenge since ancient times due to reasons of profitability, and to mask the unusual appearance or taste of perishable foods [2,[5][6][7]. In recent decades, numerous fraudulent practices have been identified, and monitoring using modern analytical techniques and instrumentation has been developed [2,[5][6][7]].…”

“…Food fraud has been a common challenge since ancient times due to reasons of profitability, and to mask the unusual appearance or taste of perishable foods [2,[5][6][7]. In recent decades, numerous fraudulent practices have been identified, and monitoring using modern analytical techniques and instrumentation has been developed [2,[5][6][7]]. Yet, the growth in global food supply chains, and the incidence and effects of food fraud, have increased in recent years in several countries [2,6,7].…”

“…In recent decades, numerous fraudulent practices have been identified, and monitoring using modern analytical techniques and instrumentation has been developed [2,[5][6][7]]. Yet, the growth in global food supply chains, and the incidence and effects of food fraud, have increased in recent years in several countries [2,6,7]. Similarly, several analytical techniques (e.g., DNA, chromatographic, and spectroscopy techniques) have been developed and utilized as tools to detect issues associated with fraud along the food supply and value chains [2,[6][7][8][9].…”