Food for Thought: Understanding the Multifaceted Nature of Orexins

Sellayah, Dyan; Sikder, Devanjan

doi:10.1210/en.2013-1488

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The total number of OXA-ir cells were greater in the anterior caudal hypothalamus in experienced females than those found in control females. Given that orexin cells integrate a number of signals that affect mood and emotion as well as pair bonding and perhaps lactation (Sellayah and Sikder, 2103; Tsujino and Sakurai, 2013), the possible role of these reproductive experience-induced changes merits further investigation.…”

Section: Reproductive Experience Induced Neurochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Bridges

2016

Hormones and Behavior

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The reproductive experience of pregnancy, lactation and motherhood can significantly remodel the female’s biological state, affecting endocrine, neuroendocrine, neural, and immunological processes. The brain, pituitary gland, liver, thymus, and mammary tissue are among the structures that are modified by reproductive experience. The present review that focuses on rodent research, but also includes pertinent studies in sheep and other species, identifies specific changes in these processes brought about by the biological states of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation and how the components of reproductive experience contribute to the remodeling of the maternal brain and organ systems. Findings indicate that prior parity alters key circulating hormone levels and neural receptor gene expression. Moreover, reproductive experience results in modifications in neural processes and glial support. The possible role of pregnancy-induced neurogenesis is considered in the context of neuroplasticity and behavior, and the effects of reproductive experience on maternal memory, i.e. the retention of maternal behavior, together with anxiety and learning are presented. Together, these sets of findings support the concept that the neural and biological state of the adult female is significantly and dramatically altered on a long-term basis by the experiences of parity and motherhood. Remodeling of the maternal brain and other biological systems is posited to help facilitate adaptations to environmental/ecological challenges as the female raises young and ages.

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Section: Reproductive Experience Induced Neurochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Bridges

2016

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Since then, studies have documented a myriad of functions attributed to the hypocretins/orexins, including roles in sleep and wakefulness, energy homeostasis, reward, sensory modulation, endocrine function, autonomic control, cognition, and motivated behavior (Carrive, 2013;de Lecea, 2010;Koob and Le, 2008;Li et al, 2014;Sakurai and Mieda, 2011;Sellayah and Sikder, 2013;Tsujino and Sakurai, 2013). These hcrt/orx neurons are potently activated by diverse stressors such as cold exposure (Ida et al, 2000;Sakamoto et al, 2004), peripheral inflammation (Watanabe et al, 2005), immobilization (Ida et al, 2000;Sakamoto et al, 2004), restraint (Reyes et al, 2003;Winsky-Sommerer et al, 2004), foot shock (Watanabe et al, 2005;Zhu et al, 2002), novelty stress (i.e., brightly lit novel environment; Berridge et al, 1999) and high-arousal waking (i.e., diurnal novelty-stress; Espana et al, 2003), and are thought to coordinate the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and cardiorespiratory stress response (for reviews see, Berridge et al, 2010;Carrive, 2013;Kuwaki, 2011;Winsky-Sommerer et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Neuropeptide Modulation Of the Panic Inhibition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Deakin/Graeff hypothesis: Focus on serotonergic inhibition of panic

Paul

Johnson

Shekhar

et al. 2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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The Deakin/Graeff hypothesis proposes that different subpopulations of serotonergic neurons through topographically organized projections to forebrain and brainstem structures modulate the response to acute and chronic stressors, and that dysfunction of these neurons increases vulnerability to affective and anxiety disorders, including Panic Disorder. We outline evidence supporting the existence of a serotonergic system originally discussed by Deakin/Graeff that is implicated in the inhibition of panic-like behavioral and physiological responses. Evidence supporting this panic inhibition system comes from the following observations: 1) serotonergic neurons located in the ‘ventrolateral dorsal raphe nucleus (DRVL) as well as the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG) inhibit dorsal periaqueductal gray-elicited panic-like responses; 2) chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatment potentiates serotonin’s panicolytic effect; 3) contextual fear activates a central nucleus of the amygdala-DRVL/VLPAG circuit implicated in mediating freezing and inhibiting panic-like escape behaviors; 4) DRVL/VLPAG serotonergic neurons are central chemoreceptors and modulate the behavioral and cardiorespiratory response to panicogenic agents such as sodium lactate and CO2. Implications of the panic inhibition system are discussed.

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“…An important target for the SCN clock is the neuropeptidergic orexin system in the lateral hypothalamus. Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is an important neurotransmitter in the arousal system (Hara et al, 2001), but also has effects on feeding behavior (Sakurai et al, 1998;Edwards et al, 1999), energy metabolism (Sellayah & Sikder, 2013) and the reward system (Li et al, 2016). Orexin release is under the control of the central clock (Deboer et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004;Justinussen et al, 2015), but orexin neurons also respond to changes in extracellular glucose (Burdakov et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding during the resting phase causes profound changes in physiology and desynchronization between liver and muscle rhythms of rats

Opperhuizen

Wang

Foppen

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Shiftworkers run an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders, presumably as a result of disturbed circadian physiology. Eating at a time-of-day that is normally dedicated to resting and fasting, may contribute to this association. The hypothalamus is the key brain area that integrates different inputs, including environmental time information from the central biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, with peripheral information on energy status to maintain energy homeostasis. The orexin system within the lateral hypothalamus is an important output of the suprachiasmatic nuclei involved in the control of sleep/wake behavior and glucose homeostasis, among other functions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that feeding during the rest period disturbs the orexin system as a possible underlying contributor to metabolic health problems. Male Wistar rats were exposed to an 8-week protocol in which food was available ad libitum for 24-h, for 12-h during the light phase (i.e., unnatural feeding time) or for 12-h during the dark phase (i.e., restricted feeding, but at the natural time-of-day). Animals forced to eat at an unnatural time, i.e., during the light period, showed no changes in orexin and orexin-receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus, but the rhythmic expression of clock genes in the lateral hypothalamus was absent in these animals. Light fed animals did show adverse changes in whole-body physiology and internal desynchronization of muscle and liver clock and metabolic gene expression. Eating at the 'wrong' time-of-day thus causes internal desynchronization at different levels, which in the long run may disrupt body physiology.

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Food for Thought: Understanding the Multifaceted Nature of Orexins

Cited by 20 publications

References 144 publications

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals

The Deakin/Graeff hypothesis: Focus on serotonergic inhibition of panic

Feeding during the resting phase causes profound changes in physiology and desynchronization between liver and muscle rhythms of rats

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