Food flavourings and compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and chronic toxicity

Coumarin and cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon marketed in Italy: A natural chemical hazard?

“…In particular, the amount of coumarin is limited to 2 mg kg -1 for foodstuffs and beverages with the exception of alcoholic beverages, certain types of caramels and chewing gums (10, 10 and 50 mg kg -1 , respectively). The European Commission did not maintain these levels in a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 (Hagan et al 1967). At its thirty-fifth meeting no further extension of the value was, however, undertaken because the required data were not available.…”

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217, Revision 1 (FGE.217Rev1). Consideration of genotoxic potential for α,β‐unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones

“…The NOAEL was 250 mg/kg bw/day based on growth depression and slight liver changes, particularly in males at the higher dose levels. No carcinogenicity was observed in this study (Hagan et al, 1967). The Panel also noted that this study was performed before OECD test guidelines 451/453 (1981) (OECD, 2009a andOECD, 2009b) were established and that it does not meet the criteria of these OECD Test Guidelines with respect to the number of animals.…”

“…In Table 4 The Carcinogenicity Study (Hagan et al, 1967) performed with 6-methylcoumarin .012] is reported in Table 5. Groups of 25 male and 25 female weanling Osborne-Mendel rats were fed diets containing 0, 500, 1000, 3500, 5000, 7500 or 15000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day 6-methylcoumarin .012] for two years, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 175, 250, 375 or 750 mg 6-methylcoumarin/kg bw/day.…”

Efeito do extrato de Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) sobre a implantação e o desenvolvimento embrinário e placentário em camundongos.

“…Braun (1999) A cumarina é um produto vegetal natural amplamente utilizado como aditivo de perfume em diversos produtos (OPDYKE, 1974;COHEN, 1979) e que combinada com a cimetidina foi utilizada em ensaios clínicos para o tratamento de melanoma maligno, metastático de células renais carcinoma (MARSHALL et al 1994), e carcinoma da próstata (MOHLER et al, 1994). Também já foi utilizada como aditivo alimentar, prática esta interrompida devido a hepatotoxicidade (HAZLETON et al, 1956;HAGAN et al, 1967). Estudos recentes indicam que são necessárias doses elevadas para produzir hepatotoxicidade em ratos (LAKE, 1984;LAKE et al, 1989).…”