“…Freelancers (Johnson-Eilola, 1996; Pigg, 2014), consultants (Palmer & Killingsworth, 2002), mom bloggers (Petersen, 2014), and automotive mechanics (Cushman, 2015) can be counted among their diverse ranks. Study of extra-institutional 1 individuals has contributed to the field’s understanding of disparate topics such as narrative (Van Ittersum, 2014), plain language (Ross, 2015), user resistance (Koerber, 2006), product reviews (Mackiewicz & Yeats, 2014), and the nature of the field (Moeller & Frost, 2016). While the study of extra-institutional individuals has enriched knowledge of concepts and genres in technical and professional communication, research including or focusing on the state of extra-institutional individuals often focuses on precarity (Johnson-Eilola, 1996; Loader, Cox, & Hailey, 2010; Wilson, 2001) or includes them as a demographic category in a larger population (Blythe, Lauer, & Curran, 2014; Tomlin, 2008).…”