Food, Eating, and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Livovsky, Dan M.; Pribic, Teorora; Azpiroz, Fernando

doi:10.3390/nu12040986

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Mammalian digestion is initiated by cognitive food perception, which stimulates the production of oral saliva and gastric secretions ( 1 ). Later on, the passage of a food bolus through the esophagus and stomach further stimulates the secretion of biliary and pancreatic secretions that play a fundamental role in food decomposition and digestion.…”

Section: Nutrition-microbiome Cross Talkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome and Individual-Specific Responses to Diet

2020

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Nutritional content and timing are increasingly appreciated to constitute important human variables collectively impacting all aspects of human physiology and disease. However, person-specific mechanisms driving nutritional impacts on the human host remain incompletely understood, while current dietary recommendations remain empirical and nonpersonalized. Precision nutrition aims to harness individualized bodies of data, including the human gut microbiome, in predicting person-specific physiological responses (such as glycemic responses) to food.

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Section: Nutrition-microbiome Cross Talkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome and Individual-Specific Responses to Diet

2020

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“…In normal conditions meal ingestion induces physiological responses that accomplish the digestion, as well as homeostatic (satiety, fullness) and hedonic sensations (digestive well-being and improved mood) [ 33 ]. Postprandial sensations depend on the characteristics of the meal and the appropriate digestive response, as well as on constitutive and inducible factors of the host, the latter influenced by a variety of conditioning mechanisms [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominothoracic Postural Tone Influences the Sensations Induced by Meal Ingestion

et al. 2021

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Postprandial objective abdominal distention is frequently associated with a subjective sensation of abdominal bloating, but the relation between both complaints is unknown. While the bloating sensation has a visceral origin, abdominal distention is a behavioral somatic response, involving contraction and descent of the diaphragm with protrusion of the anterior abdominal wall. Our aim was to determine whether abdominal distention influences digestive sensations. In 16 healthy women we investigated the effect of intentional abdominal distention on experimentally induced bloating sensation (by a meal overload). Participants were first taught to produce diaphragmatic contraction and visible abdominal distention. After a meal overload, sensations of bloating (0 to 10) and digestive well-being (−5 to + 5) were measured during 30-s. maneuvers alternating diaphragmatic contraction and diaphragmatic relaxation. Compared to diaphragmatic relaxation, diaphragmatic contraction was associated with diaphragmatic descent (by 21 + 3 mm; p < 0.001), objective abdominal distension (32 + 5 mm girth increase; p = 0.001), more intense sensation of bloating (7.3 + 0.4 vs. 8.0 + 0.4 score; p = 0.010) and lower digestive well-being (−0.9 + 0.5 vs. −1.9 + 0.5 score; p = 0.028). These results indicate that somatic postural tone underlying abdominal distention worsens the perception of visceral sensations (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04691882).

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“…Furthermore, sex-differences in the brain responses to non-palatable or aversive meals remain to be explored. As described in another article of this special issue [ 1 ], previous studies proved the validity of the scales to detect differences in the sensory responses to meals under different conditions, but a potential bias related to this methodology may be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects received standard instructions on how to complete the scales: The hunger/satiety and digestive well-being scales were scored immediately before, at the end and 20 min after meal ingestion (score the intensity of each sensation you feel now); the palatability scale (how did you find the meal) was scored only once immediately after ingestion. These scales have been shown to detect differences in postprandial sensations under various conditioning factors [ 1 , 2 , 9 , 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumption of a meal induces a sequence of transient sensations before and during ingestion (e.g., anticipatory reward, gustation) as well as longer-lasting postprandial sensations. The postprandial experience involves homeostatic sensations (e.g., satiety) and hedonic sensations (e.g., digestive well-being), which are independently modulated by various conditioning factors [ 1 ]; for instance, more likable meals induce lower homeostatic sensations but stronger hedonic sensations [ 2 ]. The neural mechanisms underlying the postprandial experience remain incompletely understood [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences and Commonalities in the Impact of a Palatable Meal on Thalamic and Insular Connectivity

Kilpatrick¹,

Pribić

Ciccantelli

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The neural mechanisms underlying subjective responses to meal ingestion remain incompletely understood. We previously showed in healthy men an increase in thalamocortical, and a decrease in insular-cortical connectivity in response to a palatable meal. As sex is increasingly recognized as an important biological variable, we aimed to evaluate sex differences and commonalities in the impact of a well-liked meal on thalamic and anterior insular connectivity in healthy individuals. Participants (20 women and 20 age-matched men) underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) before and after ingesting a palatable meal. In general, the insula showed extensive postprandial reductions in connectivity with sensorimotor and prefrontal cortices, while the thalamus showed increases in connectivity with insular, frontal, and occipital cortices, in both women and men. However, reductions in insular connectivity were more prominent in men, and were related to changes in meal-related sensations (satiety and digestive well-being) in men only. In contrast, increases in thalamic connectivity were more prominent in women, and were related to changes in satiety and digestive well-being in women only. These results suggest that brain imaging may provide objective and sex-specific biomarkers of the subjective feelings associated with meal ingestion.

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Food, Eating, and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 34 publications

References 75 publications

The Gut Microbiome and Individual-Specific Responses to Diet

The Gut Microbiome and Individual-Specific Responses to Diet

Abdominothoracic Postural Tone Influences the Sensations Induced by Meal Ingestion

Sex Differences and Commonalities in the Impact of a Palatable Meal on Thalamic and Insular Connectivity

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