Food–drug Interaction and Their Clinical Implications: Selected Investigations

Abstract

Food-drug interactions occur as a result of pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic mechanisms include what the body does to a drug while Pharmacodynamics mechanisms involve what drugs do to the body. Many types of food have been shown to influence metabolism and the absorption of drugs. Large numbers of drugs are produced and introduced yearly. The interaction between Food and drug may cause negative effects in the nutritional status of the patient as well as safety and efficacy of drug therapy. Due to the possibility of unexpected or poor outcomes, generally, food-drug interactions, in this case, should be avoided. As the good clinical practice, drugs taken by mouth must be absorbed either through the lining of the stomach or the small intestine. Reduction in the absorbance of a drug might be influenced by the presence of food in the digestive tract. The avoidance of such interactions could be possible if the drug is taken 1 hour before or 2 h after eating the food. The effects of several types of food such as milk or milk products, grapefruit and grapefruit juice, bananas, oranges, legumes, fermented meats and pickled fish and some nutrient elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and vitamin K are highlighted in this paper including their clinical implications.

Biochemical Impact of Carica Papaya (Pawpaw) leaves Extract and Ruzu Bitters on Hematology and Brain Histology in Sprague Dawley Rats

“…In the acute test, the study showed an elevated white blood cell count in rats administered papaya extract, compared to Ruzu bitters and control rats (Figure 3). This is in line with previous studies which stated that papaya leaves extract exhibits antitumor activity via its immunomodulatory properties [34,35]; another study equally supported its health-promoting and immunoprotective effects [36].…”

Efficiency of Carica papaya L. Seeds in Anticoccidial Control for Cockerel of Lohmann Brown Strain

“…The papaya plant "Carica papaya" is a perennial medicinal plant that is easy to grow and adapts to various soils (Agboola et al, 2018). Many studies have shown that the plant exhibits various antimicrobial properties (Abd Elgadir et al, 2014) including anthelmintic (Soedji et al, 2017), anticoccidial (Hema et al, 2015;Dakpogan et al, 2018) and immune system enhancing (Muazu and Aliyu-Paiko, 2020). Most studies on the use of Carica papaya seeds in poultry farming have focused mainly on their anthelmintic effects.…”

Analysis of Carica papaya Informs Lineage-Specific Evolution of the Aquaporin (AQP) Family in Brassicales

“…Papaya is sweet, flavorful, brightly colored, and uniquely rich in vitamin C and carotenoids, making it rank first on nutritional scores among 38 common fruits and also rank first among fruits consumed [3,4]. Papaya also has valuable medical and industrial applications, including the production of a well-known proteolytic enzyme, papain [5][6][7][8][9]. Water balance is particularly important for this special species because a large amount of water is essential for the crop yield and quality [10,11].…”