Food diversity and choice of white-headed langur in fragmented limestone hill habitat in Guangxi, China

Zhou, Qihai; Tang, Zheng; Li, Youbang; Huang, Cheng-Ming

doi:10.1016/j.chnaes.2013.01.007

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Shannon-Wiener index, a measure of monthly food diversity varied from 1.64 to 3.29 (mean: 2.44 AE 0.32, N ¼ 32 months). Overall, monthly food diversity in Indo-Chinese langurs was similar to that reported in other langur studies (Zhou et al, 2006(Zhou et al, , 2013. We found no differences in the number of plant species consumed per month (Kruskal-Wallis test: x 2 ¼ 5.188, df ¼ 2, P ¼ 0.075) or in the diversity of food types consumed per month (Kruskal-Wallis test:…”

Section: Food Diversitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Given this pattern of selective feeding, fewer than 20 tree species are reported to account for over 75% of annual feeding time in many colobine groups [Table I. Bose & Bhattacharjee, 2004;Gupta, 2005;Workman, 2010;Zhou et al, 2013]. Finally, although all colobines exhibit gut and dental adaptations associated with leaf eating, for some species fruits and seeds account for >30% of feeding time [Aziz & Feeroz, 2009;Bose & Bhattacharjee, 2004;Davies et al, 1988;Gupta, 2005;Hanya & Bernard, 2012;Koenig et al, 2004a;Stanford, 1991;Suarez, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High dietary diversity supports large group size in Indo‐Chinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan, Yunnan, China

Fan

Garber

et al. 2014

American J Primatol

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Identifying ecological factors underlying primate group size has been a central theme in primate behavioral ecology. The ecological constraints model proposes that increased group size leads to enhanced within-group feeding competition, necessitating increased travel to encounter additional or more productive feeding sites. Over the course of three years, we studied the largest known group (>80 individuals) of Trachypithecus crepusculus (Indo-Chinese gray langur) for 1738 hours during 213 days (including 96 full day follows) in Wuliangshan, China. During this period, group size increased from 81 individuals to over 90 individuals. The group consumed plant parts from 27 ± 8 (range: 15-51) species per month, and a total 148 plant species during the study. Based on time spent feeding, the diet was similar (54.2% leaves and 32.1% fruit and seeds) to that reported for other colobines. Despite occupying a home range several times larger than other groups of Trachypithecus, we found no evidence of an increase in daily path length with increasing group size, and the group's time budget and daily path length remained relatively constant despite marked monthly changes in dietary pattern (e.g. time spent exploiting fruit and seeds vs. buds and young leaves, vs. mature leaves). These results are inconsistent with many of the predictions of the ecological constraints model. Rather, our data suggest that high dietary diversity and the ability to exploit difficult to digest foods enabled Indo-Chinese gray langurs to reduce opportunities for feeding competition associated with increased group size.

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Section: Food Diversitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High dietary diversity supports large group size in Indo‐Chinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan, Yunnan, China

Fan

Garber

et al. 2014

American J Primatol

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“…In T. leucocephalus , the expanded orthologous gene families are expressed in many tissues and are enriched in GO database terms related to ion channel binding (Table S 14 ). Thus, our findings suggest that T. leucocephalus is adapted to a naturally high mineral ion intake through food and water that is rich in mineral ions [ 5 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reference genome and transcriptome of the limestone langur, Trachypithecus leucocephalus, reveal expansion of genes related to alkali tolerance

et al. 2021

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Background Trachypithecus leucocephalus, the white-headed langur, is a critically endangered primate that is endemic to the karst mountains in the southern Guangxi province of China. Studying the genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying its local adaptation could help explain its persistence within a highly specialized ecological niche. Results In this study, we used PacBio sequencing and optical assembly and Hi-C analysis to create a high-quality de novo assembly of the T. leucocephalus genome. Annotation and functional enrichment revealed many genes involved in metabolism, transport, and homeostasis, and almost all of the positively selected genes were related to mineral ion binding. The transcriptomes of 12 tissues from three T. leucocephalus individuals showed that the great majority of genes involved in mineral absorption and calcium signaling were expressed, and their gene families were significantly expanded. For example, FTH1 primarily functions in iron storage and had 20 expanded copies. Conclusions These results increase our understanding of the evolution of alkali tolerance and other traits necessary for the persistence of T. leucocephalus within an ecologically unique limestone karst environment.

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“…Furthermore, most likely due to seasonal variations in food availability, the food diversity and composition of white‐headed langurs vary seasonally. Langurs have been found to significantly increase their food diversity, consuming more young leaves and less mature leaves, in the rainy season than in the dry season (Huang et al., 2000; Huang, Wu, et al., 2008; Li & Rogers, 2006; Li et al., 2003; Yin et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2013). However, previous studies are limited to a duration of ≤1 year, and variations in the seasonal and annual level of food resources in the environment are likely to exist due to seasonal and interannual phenological changes (Zhou et al., 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variation in food choice of white‐headed langur inhabiting limestone forests in Fusui, southwest Guangxi, China

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Feeding accounts for the largest proportion of the daily activities of most primates, including food choices, movement between food patches, and feeding time budget (Fleagle, 2013). The feeding strategy is an important factor for the adaptation of wild nonhuman primates . Most wild primates adjust their food composition according to seasonal fluctuations in food availability in the environment (Richard, 1985). For example, limestone-living rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) increase their consumption of fruit during the rainy season when fruits are abundant (Tang et al., 2016). The food composition of the sympatric François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) and Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) varies seasonally, gradually separating their dietary niche to decrease interspecific competition (Zhou et al., 2018). Moreover, interannual variation in food availability also affects the feeding strategy of wild primates (

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Food diversity and choice of white-headed langur in fragmented limestone hill habitat in Guangxi, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

High dietary diversity supports large group size in Indo‐Chinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan, Yunnan, China

High dietary diversity supports large group size in Indo‐Chinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan, Yunnan, China

The reference genome and transcriptome of the limestone langur, Trachypithecus leucocephalus, reveal expansion of genes related to alkali tolerance

Interannual variation in food choice of white‐headed langur inhabiting limestone forests in Fusui, southwest Guangxi, China

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