Food-derived bioactive peptides – a new paradigm

Abstract

Food-derived bioactive peptides are regarded as important modulators of several physiological processes occurring both systemically and locally within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, the concentrations of food-derived bioactive peptides in the GIT, and therefore attendant physiological effects, are likely to be highly variable given the wide variation in the type and amount of dietary protein consumed either during the day or on a day-to-day basis. In contrast, gut endogenous proteins (e.g. cell proteins, mucin, serum albumin and digestive enzymes) are a consistent and significant potential source of peptides for the GIT. With up to 80 % of gut endogenous proteins being digested in the GIT, it is possible that a wide range of peptides is generated, but until now the significance of the gut endogenous proteins as a source of bioactive peptides has not been considered. A hypothesis is promulgated that the gut endogenous proteins may have a hidden role as a consistent and quantitatively important source of bioactive peptides in the GIT.

Boarfish (Capros aper) protein hydrolysate has potent insulinotropic and GLP‐1 secretory activity in vitro and acute glucose lowering effects in mice

“…In vivo efficacy of peptides and hydrolysates hinge on their capacity to reach the target cells/membrane/receptor without losing this potency. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is known to be a major barrier, encompassing digestive enzymes and sharp changes in pH which could influence structure and alter functional properties of peptides (Möller et al ., ; Moughan et al ., ). Interestingly, in the present study GLP‐1 release from GLUTag cells was enhanced after exposure to SGID, which could be a distinct advantage to incorporating a BPH as a dietary functional food ingredient.…”

Meta‐Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability

“…However, certain functional foods contain naturally occurring constituents with known bioactive effects (Eckert et al., ; López‐Expósito, Quirós, Amigo, & Recio, ; McGregor & Poppitt, ; Suetsuna, ). During digestion or processing of these foods, proteins are degraded to peptides, which may have a positive effect on human health (Moughan, Rutherfurd, Montoya, & Dave, ). These are called bioactive peptides, short amino acid (AA) sequences, usually two to 20 residues (Sarmadi & Ismail, ), that are released from a source protein either during technological processing of the food or during in vivo digestion (Korhonen & Pihlanto, ).…”

Pepsin Egg White Hydrolysate Ameliorates Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Steatosis in Zucker Fatty Rats

“…When pharmacologic and surgical options are considered, there are several risks associated, which point at dietary measures as the safest and most cost-effective alternatives. In this respect, bioactive peptides derived from food proteins have shown a promising future for the management of complex human health conditions due to their potential pleiotropic effects [ 6 ].…”