Food Cues and Obesity: Overpowering Hormones and Energy Balance Regulation

Belfort-DeAguiar, Renata; Seo, Dongju

doi:10.1007/s13679-018-0303-1

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…In a study with British and Australian preschool children, food responsiveness was unrelated to liking fruits and vegetables, but was positively related to the preference for non-core foods (i.e., high in sugar and fat) (30) . Previous evidence suggests that highly palatable food-cues promote food-seeking behaviours even when in a state of satiety (7; 8; 9) what is a risk factor for obesity (31) . Since ultra-processed foods and beverages are typically energy-dense (3; 32) , we tested the hypothesis that the association between the consumption of such products and appetitive traits was mediated, in part, by the energy intake.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food consumption at 4 and 7 years of age with appetitive traits at 7 years, and body mass index (BMI) at 10 years of age. Participants were 1175 children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, who provided food diaries and complete data on socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measures, and the Portuguese Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (P-CEBQ). Foods were grouped according to NOVA classification into: “unprocessed, minimally or moderately processed, and culinary preparations”; “processed”; “ultra-processed”. To assess tracking of groups’ consumption, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Generalized linear models were fitted to test main associations, mediators, and interactions among the variables. Ultra-processed consumption exhibited a fair level of stability between ages 4 and 7 (r=0.34; ICC=0.32; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.39), corresponding respectively to 27.3% (449.8 kcal per day; SD=217.2) and 29.3% (526.9 kcal per day; SD=229.7) of total energy intake. After adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, higher ultra-processed consumption at 4 years was associated directly with ‘Food Responsiveness’ (β̂ = 0.019; 95%CI: 0.007; 0.037), and indirectly through energy intake with avoidant traits: ‘Food Fussiness’ (β̂ = -0.007; 95% CI: 0.002; 0.012) and ‘Satiety Responsiveness’ (β̂ = -0.007; 95% CI: 0.003; 0.012). Ultra-processed consumption at 4 years old was associated with BMI at 10 years old, but appetitive behaviours were not powerful mediators of this association. The results suggest a path by which ultra-processed products may impact on later appetitive traits and higher BMI in children.

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, a recent meta-analysis [11] highlighted that food cue-reactivity might predict craving for food, overeating and weight gain by activating mesolimbic dopamine pathways (e.g. ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, striatum) [48] even irrespective of hunger signals, overruling hormones and energy balance regulation [49], which might lead to continued food intake and poor treatment outcomes [49]. In rodents, depletion of BDNF in the ventral tegmental area led to excessive intake of palatable foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF influences neural cue-reactivity to food stimuli and food craving in obesity

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et al. 2020

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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There is increasing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) impacts on the development of obesity. We are the first to test the hypothesis that BDNF levels might be associated with neural reactivity to food cues in patients suffering from obesity and healthy controls. We assessed visual food cue-induced neural response in 19 obese patients and 20 matched controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed the associations between BDNF levels, food cue-reactivity and food craving. Whole-brain analysis in both groups revealed that food cues elicited higher neural activation in clusters of mesolimbic brain areas including the insula (food > neutral). Patients suffering from obesity showed a significant positive correlation between plasma BDNF levels and visual food cue-reactivity in the bilateral insulae. In addition, patients suffering from obesity with positive food cue-induced insula activation also reported significantly higher food craving than those with low cue-reactivity—an effect that was absent in normal weight participants. The present findings implicate that BDNF levels in patients suffering from obesity might be involved in food craving and obesity in humans. This highlights the importance to consider BDNF pathways when investigating obesity and obesity treatment.

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“…Importantly, the sense of smell plays a crucial role in eating behavior and influences food choice and meal size [6,7]. Individuals with obesity more than those of normal weight are susceptible to external food cues such as food pictures [8][9][10][11] but also food smells [12]. Moreover, individuals with obesity perceive food odors as more pleasant than people of normal weight [13], while being surprisingly less sensitive to odors [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Reduced Food Odor Sensitivity across a Wide Range of Body Weights

et al. 2020

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The worldwide obesity epidemic is a major health problem driven by the modern food environment. Recently, it has been shown that smell perception plays a key role in eating behavior and is altered in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are not well understood yet. Since the olfactory system is closely linked to the endocrine system, we hypothesized that hormonal shifts in obesity might explain this relationship. In a within-subject, repeated-measures design, we investigated sensitivity to a food and a non-food odor in the hungry and sated state in 75 young healthy (26 normal weight, 25 overweight, and 24 obese) participants (37 women). To determine metabolic health status and hormonal reactivity in response to food intake, we assessed pre- and postprandial levels of insulin, leptin, glucose, and ghrelin. Odor sensitivity did not directly depend on body weight status/body mass index (BMI) or hunger state. However, we could establish a strong negative mediating effect of insulin resistance on the relationship between BMI/waist-hip ratio and olfactory sensitivity for the food odor. These findings indicate an impact of metabolic health status on sensitivity to food odors. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind altered smell perception in obesity.

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Food Cues and Obesity: Overpowering Hormones and Energy Balance Regulation

Cited by 54 publications

References 114 publications

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

BDNF influences neural cue-reactivity to food stimuli and food craving in obesity

Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Reduced Food Odor Sensitivity across a Wide Range of Body Weights

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