Food Consumption Patterns of Infants and Toddlers: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016

Roess, Amira; Jacquier, Emma; Catellier, Diane J.; Carvalho, Ryan; Lutes, Anne C; Anater, Andrea; Dietz, William H.

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy171

Cited by 146 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…It is possible that method of complementary feeding is affecting length gains due to differences in infant diet. Spoon‐fed infants are more likely to consume fortified infant cereals when compared with self‐feeding infants, especially when introduced to solid foods at an earlier date (Roess et al, ). Iron fortified cereals have been linked to increased gains in length‐for‐age at 12 months in Indonesia (Diana et al, ), although this finding has not been replicated in developed regions (Pasricha, Hayes, Kalumba, & Biggs, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoonfeeding is associated with increased infant weight but only amongst formula‐fed infants

Jones

Lee

Brown

2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Infant feeding experiences are important for the development of healthy weight gain trajectories. Evidence surrounding milk feeding and timing of introduction to solids is extensive; however, the impact of the method of introducing solids on infant growth has been relatively underexplored. Baby‐led weaning (where infants self‐feed family foods) is proposed to improve appetite regulation, leading to healthier weight gain and a reduced risk of obesity. However, the evidence is mixed and has methodological inconsistencies. Furthermore, despite milk being a large part of the infant diet during the period infants are introduced to solid foods, its influence and interaction with introductory style have not been considered. The aim of this study was to explore growth among infants aged 3–12 months according to both style of introduction to solid foods and milk feeding; 269 infants were weighed and measured, and body mass index (BMI) computed. The results showed that overall, infants who were spoon‐fed (compared with self‐fed) at introduction to complementary feeding (CF) had greater length (but not weight or BMI). However, when milk feeding was accounted for, we found that infants who were both spoon‐fed and fully formula fed had greater weight compared with spoon‐fed, breastfed infants. There was no significant difference in weight among self‐fed infants who were breastfed or formula fed. The results highlight the importance of considering infant feeding as a multicomponent experience in relation to growth, combining both milk feeding and method of CF. This relationship may be explained by differences in maternal feeding style or diet consumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoonfeeding is associated with increased infant weight but only amongst formula‐fed infants

Jones

Lee

Brown

2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…In the Dutch BeeBOFT study 20.2% of infants were consuming sweet beverages daily and 16.5% were consuming snack food daily at 6 months of age [43]. The results of the US 2016 Feeding Infants and Toddler Study (FITS) [44] indicate that 34% of infants aged 6 to 11.9 months had consumed sweets such as cakes, biscuits, muffins, frozen desserts or sugar sweetened beverages, with this proportion rising to 73% of children aged 12 to 17.9 months. Similarly, 29% of infants in the UK Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children aged 7 to 9 months had consumed sweet biscuits and 16% had consumed savory snacks, rising to 53% and 28% respectively for infants aged 10 to 11 months [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and Determinants of Discretionary Food Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12–14 Months

Coxon

Devenish

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Despite recommendations to the contrary, consumption of discretionary (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) foods begins for some children early in the weaning period, and the proportion of children consuming discretionary foods increases markedly in the second year of life. The purpose of this study was to determine intake and sources of discretionary foods in a cohort of 828 Australian toddlers (mean age: 13.1mo), and to identify determinants of discretionary food intake. At approximately 12 months of age, 3 non-consecutive days of dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h recall and 2-day food record, and the percentage total energy derived from discretionary foods was estimated. Linear regression was used to identify associations between discretionary food intake and socio-demographic determinants (mother’s age, level of education, country of birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socioeconomic position, parity, age of child when mother returned to work, and child’s sex) and age at which complementary foods were introduced. The average energy intake of children in this cohort was 4040 (±954.7 SD) kJ with discretionary foods contributing an average of 11.2% of total energy. Sweet biscuits, and cakes, muffins, scones and cake-type desserts contributed 10.8% and 10.2% of energy intake from discretionary foods, respectively. Other key contributors to energy intake from discretionary foods included sausages, frankfurters and saveloys (8.3%), vegetable products and dishes where frying was the main cooking technique (8.6%), butter (7.3%), and finally manufactured infant sweet or savory snack foods (9.3%). Higher intakes of discretionary food were associated with children having two or more siblings (p = 0.002), and being born to younger mothers (<25 years) (p = 0.008) and mothers born in Australia or the United Kingdom (p < 0.001). Parents, in particular young mothers and those with larger families, need practical guidance on how much of, and how often, these foods should be eaten by their children.

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“…Improving access to nutritious or forti ed foods for children, particularly breast-fed infants such as infant cereal, could help to improve micronutrient intakes. However, it must be noted, that even in the U.S., iron and zinc were identi ed as problem nutrients [28] despite the widespread availability of forti ed foods for infants. Therefore, ensuring adequate nutrient supply in complementary feeding is clearly complex and requires further detailed study in order to examine how young children can meet their nutrient needs in these challenging circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households

Jacquier

Angeles‐Agdeppa

Lenighan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe percentages of consumption, energy contribution (6-23.9mo), and usual nutrient intakes (12-23.9mo) from complementary foods among Filipino infants and toddlers stratified by household wealth. Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories. Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants and toddlers from poor households reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, in comparison to those from the rich households who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was no difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between wealth groups in 6-11.9mo and 18-23.9mo children. Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children. Intakes of protein, fat, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron and calcium were higher in 12-23.9mo children from rich households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.

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Food Consumption Patterns of Infants and Toddlers: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016

Cited by 146 publications

References 69 publications

Spoonfeeding is associated with increased infant weight but only amongst formula‐fed infants

Spoonfeeding is associated with increased infant weight but only amongst formula‐fed infants

Sources and Determinants of Discretionary Food Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12–14 Months

Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households

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