Food Consumption Patterns among Pre-School Children 3 - 5 Years Old in Mateka, Western Kenya

Ronoh, Amos Kipkemoi; Were, Gertrude; Wakhu-Wamunga, Florence; Wamunga, John Brian

doi:10.4236/fns.2017.88057

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the present study, the mean energy intake for children aged 2-3 years was 4432•9 kJ, higher than 3569•7 kJ (854 kcal) that was reported in Kenya for the same age group. However, children aged 4-5 years consumed less energy intake (4891•4 kJ) than what was reported by the same study among children of the same age group (5793•5 kJ) (35) .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The relationship between dietary intake and stunting among pre-school children in Upper Egypt

Mahfouz

Mohammed

Alkilany

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Linear growth is controlled by several factors, malnutrition is one of the leading causes of stunted child growth. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary intakes associated with stunting among preschool children in rural Upper Egypt. Design: Community-based cross-sectional study Setting: Data were collected by interviewing the children’s caregivers in the rural household setting. Participants: The study included 497 pre-school children 2-5 years old in rural Upper Egypt. Food intake data were estimated using 24-hour recall method. Anthropometric measurements of children were taken then converted to z scores for WAZ, HAZ and WHZ. Results: The study included 497 children of which 19.1% were stunted, 76.3% did not meet recommended caloric intake and 13.7% did not meet recommended protein intake and this was significantly higher than non-stunted children. Children that were stunted significantly consumed poultry, eggs and fruits less often than non-stunted children, by regression; male sex (aOR=1.91), mother’s age (0.93), lower socioeconomic status (SES); and not meeting recommended protein intake (aOR= 2.26) were found to be associated with stunting. Conclusion: Male sex, younger mothers, lower socioeconomic status and not meeting recommended calories and protein were statistically associated with stunting. Nutrition education messages encouraging adequate and healthy eating are recommended.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The relationship between dietary intake and stunting among pre-school children in Upper Egypt

Mahfouz

Mohammed

Alkilany

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Assessment of the caregivers' age and the children's nutritional status revealed a significant association in this study. These findings are in agreement with other past studies among preschool children (Sawe et al, 2020;Ronoh et al, 2017). According to Pelto & Thuita (2016), the majority of young adults in rural areas of Kenya are not economically stable and therefore may not provide optimal care to children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Caregiver factors influencing nutritional status of preschool children in Mwingi West, Kitui County Kenya

Mbijiwe¹,

Ndung’u²,

Kinyuru³

2022

jagst

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Children are at an increased risk of malnutrition, with many undernourished children being highly susceptible to preventable premature death and morbidity. Insufficient dietary intake, infections, food insecurity, and inadequate care are the main causes of child malnutrition. These factors are sequentially influenced by caregivers’ characteristics. Despite this, the effect of a caregiver’s characteristics on a child's nutrition status has not been exhaustively studied in rural areas of Kenya. It is important to continuously examine the trends in the prevalence of malnutrition for effective interventions. Regular updates on the prevalence of malnutrition are crucial for appropriate interventions. In this study, the nutritional status of children was evaluated alongside their association with caregivers’ characteristics. The study was based in Migwani ward, Mwingi West Sub-County in Kitui County. The study was conducted between October and December 2020 and involved 106 caregivers with their 106 children aged 36–42 months. The characteristics of the caregivers were determined by the use of a pretested study questionnaire. To evaluate the nutritional status of children, the height and weight measures, age, and sex of the child were taken and transferred into the WHO Anthro software, and z-scores were derived. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to carry out additional data analysis. Children's nutritional status and caregivers’ characteristics were bivariate tested to determine the association. In the present study, the prevalence of stunting was 33.0%, wasting was 15.1%, and underweight was 20.8%. In this study, the caregivers that had lower income had more children that were underweight (χ2 = 9.2 p = 0.02), stunted (χ2 = 10.4 p = 0.015) and wasted (χ2 = 16.9, p<0.001) compared to those with higher incomes. More so, the caregivers that were younger had more children that were wasted (χ2 = 20.04, p<0.001), stunted (χ2 = 9.65, p = 0.032) and underweight (χ2 = 8.26, p = 0.041). Households that were headed by women had more children that were stunted (p = 0.022), wasted (p = 0.041) and underweight (p = 0.003). Similarly, respondents with lower education levels had more children that were stunted (χ2 = 14.02, p = 0.003), wasted (χ2 = 4.85, p = 0.037) and underweight (χ2 = 4.76, p = 0.045). In this study, the caregiver’s occupation was significantly associated with children's stunting (χ2 = 12.23, p = 0.007) and underweight levels (χ2 = 6.12, p = 0.034). The caregiver’s occupation had no influence on the children's wasting levels. The present study found that the marital status of a caregiver did not influence a child's nutritional status. These study results affirm that nutritional problems of stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Kitui County require public health actions. That caregivers’ characteristics play a role in the nutritional status of preschool children in Kitui County. Based on these study findings, priority should be given to children's nutrition programs that incorporate the dynamics of caregivers' characteristics. By doing this, such programs will be more effective.

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“…In the current study intake of animal source foods, such as beef, poultry, eggs, fish and milk, were low and is consistent with studies by Ronoh et al (2017) Evidence suggests that there is a strong association between consumption of milk/dairy products with calcium intake (Alsubaie, 2018). Low fish consumption in the study area is questionable due to the study's location near the Indian Ocean, and fishing is among the economic activities taking place in the area.…”

Section: Nutrientsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Ilala and Mkuranga districts, Tanzania

Pacific

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Overweight and obesity are increasing among school children and are currently considered as significant public health problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children (10-13 years) and their correlates, to inform policy for action in order to reduce the magnitude and consequences of the problems. A cross sectional study design was conducted in Ilala and Mkuranga districts of Tanzania between July 2019 and December 2020 among 406 school children, 36 parents/guardians, and 9 teachers. Standardized questionnaires were used for data collection and laboratory analysis was performed to determine actual fatty acids and sugar contents of foods commonly consumed by school children in the study areas. Height and weight measurements were performed by using the World Health Organization standard procedures. The general prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BMI-for-age indicator was 22.6% higher in private than in public schools (32.4% vs. 14.8%, p<0.001). Dietary habits of school children were characterized by low fruit, vegetable, and milk intake. Overweight and obesity among school children correlated significantly with moderate consumption of soda/carbonated drinks (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19- 0.85), high consumption of fruit/fruit-flavored juices (AOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07-0.67), local ice cream (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17-0.95), and low dietary diversity (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.44- 0.75). Other predictors were moderate consumption of potato chips (AOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.07- 4.81) and having overweight/obese parent (AOR 10.11, 95% CI 2.72-37.65). In addition, sedentary behavior, such as listening to music and/or radio for >2 hours/week (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.1) and low physical activity such as walking for exercise <2 hours/week (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.1) were risk factors for overweight/obesity while rope skipping for >2 hours/week (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.7) was protective. Saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (C16:0), were found in abundance in all food samples while sucrose and saccharin concentrations varied considerably between products. Findings from this study showed that the food environment may be a contributing factor to overweight/obesity among school children. This study informs relevant authorities to take appropriate actions to minimize health risks associated with overweight and obesity in school children.

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Food Consumption Patterns among Pre-School Children 3 - 5 Years Old in Mateka, Western Kenya

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

The relationship between dietary intake and stunting among pre-school children in Upper Egypt

The relationship between dietary intake and stunting among pre-school children in Upper Egypt

Caregiver factors influencing nutritional status of preschool children in Mwingi West, Kitui County Kenya

Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Ilala and Mkuranga districts, Tanzania

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