Food-chain Toxicity of Systemic Acaricides to Predaceous Mites

McClanahan, R. J.

doi:10.1038/2151001a0

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…None of the experiments demonstra~ted the concept of "ecological selectivity" as set forth by Ripper et al '(1951); rather, all three insecticides, as exemplified by Di-Syston in Table II, were generally more toxic to predator than to prey at any given concentration at a given time. In this respect our results support those of McClanahan (1967). When N. fallacis were offered only the eggs of T. urticae that had fed on sublethal amounts of the systemic insecticides, the .former consumed sufficient eggs that high mortality r~ulted here also.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Translocation of the systemics produced plants ,that were highly toxic to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae ,(= T. urticae Koch) witho,ttt affecting its predators. More recently, selectivity in pesticides has been discussed in the reviews of Van den Bosch & Stem (1962) and Hoyt & Burrs (1974) an'd by McClanahan (1967). The latter found that some organophosphorus compounds used as systemic root drenches were more toxic to the predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot than to the prey, T. urticae.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Organophosphorus Systemic Pesticides to Predator Mites and Prey

Daneshvar

Rodríguez

1975

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Three systemic OP insecticides, Di‐Syston®, Meta‐Systox‐R® and Systox® were added at six concentrations (0.002–0.032% active ingredient) to nutrient solutions in which bean plants were cultured. On all concentrations the materials were less toxic to the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch feeding on the plant than to Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) preying on the T. urticae. Of the three, Di‐Syston was the least toxic to both mite species. When T. urticae were cultured on detached bean leaves, placed on cellucotton in nutrient solutions containing the same pesticide concentrations, their eggs were also toxic to N. fallacis. Longevity studies in conjunction with 32P labelled foliage showed that N. fallacis are incapable of feeding directly on bean leaves. Zusammenfassung TOXIZITÄT VON SYSTEMISCHEN PHOSPHORINSEKTIZIDEN GEGENÜBER DER RAUBMILBE NEOSEIULUS FALLACIS UND IHRER BEUTE TETRANYCHUS URTICAE Drei systemisohe Phosphorinsektizide, Di‐Syston®, Meta‐Systox® und Systox®, wurden in sechs Konzentrationen (0,002 — 0,032% Wirkstoff) zu Nährstofflösungen hinzugefügt, in denen Bohnenpflanzen kultiviert wurden. Für die Spinnmilbe Tetranychus urticae, die an den Bohnenblättern saugte, waren die drei Insektizide in sämtlichen Konzentrationen weniger toxisch als für die Raubmilbe Neoseiulus fallacis, die sich von T. urticae ernährte. Es ergab sich demnach keine ökologische Selektivität. Von den drei geprüften Mitteln war Di‐Syston für die beiden Milben am wenigsten toxisch. Wenn man T. urticae auf abgetrennten Bohnenblättern, die sich auf Cellucotton in Nährstofflösungen mit den genannten Insektizidkonzentrationen befanden, züchtete, wurden ihre Eier für N. fallacis ebenfalls toxisch. Lebensdauer‐Versuche mit Blättern, die 32P enthielten, zeigten, daß N. fallacis nicht fähig ist, sich direkt von Bohnenblättern zu ernähren.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Organophosphorus Systemic Pesticides to Predator Mites and Prey

Daneshvar

Rodríguez

1975

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…DANESCHWAR (1963)reported that Dicofol had an inhibitory effect on the reproduction of predators. Systemic compounds can be indirectly harmful to the predator fed on prey injested toxic plant sap (P. persimilis; MCCLANAHAN, 1967 Fro. 1.…”

Section: And F (Rasmy and El-banhawy T972)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adverse effects cart arise in various indirect ways. MCCLANAHAN (1967) emphasized that there was a food-chain toxicity when the predators were fed on prey ingesting toxic plant juices. Some other toxicants have no immediate effect but reproduction might be disturbed (RlSTICH, 1956; VAN DE VRIE, 1962;DANESCHWAR, 1963).…”

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confidence: 98%

Residual toxicity of some common acaricides in Brazil to the predacious miteAmblyseius brazilli

El-Banhawy

1976

Entomophaga

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The direct toxicity of 5 common acaricides to Amblyseius brazilli EL-BANHAWY was tested. Omethoate proved to be the most toxic and Chlorobenzilate the least toxic. LCs0 were 1.2ppm, 4.7ppm, 220ppm, 720ppm and 1250ppm for Omethoate, Mexacarbate, Dicofol, Mitran and Chlorobenzilate respectively. The indirect toxicity was also studied by providing the female predators with the phytophagous mite Aponicus spinosus (BANKS) previously treated by Chlorobenzilate and Mexacarbate.The females were fed on the treated as well as the untreated prey. The egg laying was interrupted and almost stopped in the case of Mexacarbate.The agriculture sprays, especially the pesticides, can have drastic effects on natural enemies. STEINFa (1959) found that all the materials tested, except nicotine and lead arsenate, had noticeable detrimental effects on the mirid predacious insects. BARTLETT (1964) found that Amblyseius hibisci CHANT was moderately to highly sensitive to the organic phosphate and carbamate insecticides tests and considerably tolerant to chlorinated hydrocarbons. Adverse effects cart arise in various indirect ways. MCCLANAHAN (1967) emphasized that there was a food-chain toxicity when the predators were fed on prey ingesting toxic plant juices. Some other toxicants have no immediate effect but reproduction might be disturbed (RlSTICH, 1956; VAN DE VRIE, 1962;DANESCHWAR, 1963). Elimination of the predator may result from severe reduction of some alternative prey in the absence of the main pest.The goal of the present work was to determine the toxicity of some acaricides commonly used for phytophagous mite control in Brazil to the common predacious mite Amblyseius brazilli EL-BANHAWY, in order to get a protection during the spray schedules. MATERIALS AND METHODSOnly young females of the predacious mite were used in the experiment and obtained

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“…Systemic insecticides, when applied as drenches or granules to the soil/growing medium, have been promoted to be relatively non-toxic to natural enemies due to lack of any direct exposure [49][50][51]. However, this may not be the case as systemic insecticides may exhibit indirect effects on natural enemies via several mechanisms including elimination of prey, contamination of floral parts by the active ingredient, consumption of the active ingredient while ingesting plant fluids, and contamination of prey ingesting either lethal or sub-lethal concentrations of the active ingredient [52][53][54].…”

Section: Systemic Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies

Cloyd¹

2012

Pesticides - Advances in Chemical and Botanical Pesticides

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Food-chain Toxicity of Systemic Acaricides to Predaceous Mites

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Toxicity of Organophosphorus Systemic Pesticides to Predator Mites and Prey

Toxicity of Organophosphorus Systemic Pesticides to Predator Mites and Prey

Residual toxicity of some common acaricides in Brazil to the predacious miteAmblyseius brazilli

Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies

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