Food-borne Trematodiases in East Asia: Epidemiology and Burden

Fürst, Thomas; Yongvanit, Puangrat; Khuntikeo, Narong; Lun, Zhao‐Rong; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Torgerson, Paul R.; Odermatt, Peter; Bürli, Christine; Chitnis, Nakul; Sithithaworn, Paiboon

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12008-5_2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A decade later (in 2005), about 56.2 million people were estimated to be infected with FBT, with 7.9 million having severe sequelae and 7158 people dying mostly from cholangiocarcinoma and cerebral infections (Fürst et al ., 2012a ). The most recent estimate extrapolated the total global number of people infected with FBT at 74.7 million as of 2015–2016 with 0.2 million new cases annually and 2 million disability-adjusted life years (Fürst et al ., 2019 ; WHO, 2020 ). However, there are problems of low sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools as well as possible numerous endemic areas so far undetected, and these global estimates of the FBT burden seem to be much underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis

Chai

Jung

2022

Parasitology

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Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica), lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani and several other Paragonimus spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include heterophyids (Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes nocens and Haplorchis taichui), echinostomes (Echinostoma revolutum, Isthmiophora hortensis, Echinochasmus japonicus and Artyfechinostomum malayanum) and miscellaneous species, including Fasciolopsis buski and Gymnophalloides seoi. These trematode infections are distributed worldwide but occur most commonly in Asia. The global burden of FBT diseases has been estimated at about 80 million, however, this seems to be a considerable underestimate. Their life cycle involves a molluscan first intermediate host, and a second intermediate host, including freshwater fish, crustaceans, aquatic vegetables and freshwater or brackish water gastropods and bivalves. The mode of human infection is the consumption of the second intermediate host under raw or improperly cooked conditions. The major pathogenesis of C. sinensis and Opisthorchis spp. infection includes inflammation of the bile duct which leads to cholangitis and cholecystitis, and in a substantial number of patients, serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma, may develop. In lung fluke infections, cough, bloody sputum and bronchiectasis are the most common clinical manifestations. However, lung flukes often migrate to extrapulmonary sites, including the brain, spinal cord, skin, subcutaneous tissues and abdominal organs. Intestinal flukes can induce inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, and they may at times undergo extraintestinal migration, in particular, in immunocompromised patients. In order to control FBT infections, eating foods after proper cooking is strongly recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%