Food authentication: truffle species classification by non-targeted lipidomics analyses using mass spectrometry assisted by ion mobility separation

Abstract

Truffles are appreciated as food all over the world because of their extraordinary aroma. However, quantities are limited and successful cultivation in plantations is very labor-intensive and expensive, or even...

An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics

“…In food research, untargeted methods can be useful to discover the lipidome of a given food. Untargeted lipidomics can, for example, be used to classify different truffle species (Creydt & Fischer, 2022), to differentiate bovine milk from different feeding regimes (Wölk et al., 2022), and to follow changes of lipid profiles in different types of meat induced by irradiation (Chiesa et al., 2022). The combination of untargeted and targeted lipidomics in so‐called pseudo‐targeted manner, combining the high lipidome coverage from untargeted approaches with the high sensitivity and reliability of targeted methods (Xu, Hu, et al., 2020), will be helpful in the elucidation of food lipidomes.…”

Food metabolomics: Latest hardware—developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing

“…In order to reduce these effects, multiplexing strategies are used, in which further ion packets are guided into the drift zone, even if the previous ion packet has not yet completely crossed the drift zone. Using Hadamard transformation, the data can then be separated again (Figure 3) [12,110,[115][116][117].…”

“…A large part of the published study is more target-based and focuses on certain analyte groups, such as mycotoxins [139], pesticides [140], and veterinary drugs [141]. Nontargeted studies were conducted during the roasting process of coffee [142], characterization of wine [143] and ginseng [144], and species/varietal differentiation of truffles [12] and potatoes [11].…”

“…They are now used to process a wide variety of analytical issues relating to food authenticity, food quality, and food safety. These include, for example, methods for verifying the geographical origin [2–7], the cultivation or the production method [8–10] as well as the biological identity [11–13]. In addition, knowledge about the influence of various exogenous factors on the composition of food or the detection of various contaminants or residues is increasingly important [14].…”

From Nontargeted to Targeted Analysis: Feature Selection in the Differentiation of Truffle Species (Tuber spp.) Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machine

“…Mannina et al have shown on Tuber aestivum that 1 H NMR of aqueous truffle extracts can be used to study their chemical composition ( Tuber aestivum , named by Carlo Vittadini, , and Tuber uncinatum were summarized as Tuber aestivum , on the basis of molecular biological findings that Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum are the same species). Although Creydt et al and Losso et al have recently shown that liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IM-QTOF-MS) respectively direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS) can make very good predictions in the classification of truffle species; it is reasonable to use NMR as an alternative analytical method, thanks to the particular advantages that this method offers.…”