Food and nutrient intakes of primary school children: a comparison of school meals and packed lunches

Rees, Gail; Richards, Chris; Gregory, Jesse F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00885.x

Cited by 72 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In Japan, children at nursery facilities usually eat school lunches, while those at kindergartens usually bring packed lunches from home. There are no standards for ensuring that children bring healthy packed lunches in the UK (Rees, Richards & Gregory, 2008, Evans et al, 2010a where approximately half of the school pupils get packed lunch from home (Smithers et al, 2000) similar trends have been observed in Japan, and it seems that foods cooked by mothers are included in children's packed lunches. (Birch, 1979, Birch & Fisher, 1998; Vereeken and Maes (2010) reported that young children's dietary habits were associated with the mothers' nutritional knowledge and attitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Children’s Lunch Box Contents by Photograph and Their Relationship with Mothers’ Concern

Osera

Tsutie

Kobayashi

et al. 2017

JFR

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Japanese kindergarten children usually bring lunch prepared by mothers. The contents may be influenced by mothers' food concerns. We investigated the relationship between mothers' concerns and children's lunch box contents and preferences. Lunch boxes of 209 children were digitally photographed for 4 days at a private kindergarten in Japan. The amounts of rice, main dishes, vegetables and fruits in the lunch boxes were estimated by measuring the area occupied by each in the photograph; a questionnaire, including questions on mothers' concerns and children's preferences, was completed by mothers. Vegetable amounts in the lunch boxes were significantly related to mother's concerns for their children's lunch. Compared with estimated vegetable amounts below 11%, the amounts above 11% indicated that the number of foods disliked by children was lower, and mothers reported a higher rate of mindfulness towards vegetables and lower rate towards frozen food and believed that they prepared a balanced lunch. Thus, vegetable amounts in children's lunch boxes, estimated using photographs, may predict mothers' food concerns and children's balanced/unbalanced diets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Children’s Lunch Box Contents by Photograph and Their Relationship with Mothers’ Concern

Osera

Tsutie

Kobayashi

et al. 2017

JFR

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“…However, public discussion on school meals and other forms of eating outside the home has increased during recent years, e.g. in the United Kingdom (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) . Even though there is a lack of international scientific research on catering services, there are several sources of nationally representative data in Finland that can be used to study eating patterns at schools and worksites.…”

Section: History Of School and Workite Meal Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

School and workplace meals promote healthy food habits

Raulio

Roos

Prättälä

2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study is to describe, on the basis of recent Finnish population surveys, (i) the frequencies of school and worksite canteen use, (ii) the determinants of having a hot lunch during school or working hours and (iii) the associations of lunch eating patterns with food habits. Setting: The study summarises mainly basic reports and studies concerning catering services conducted in Finland based on nationally representative population surveys. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional study. The most important surveys cited in this paper are the School Health Promotion Study, the Work and the Working Conditions survey, the National FINDIET 2002 Study, and the Health Behavior and Health among Finnish Adult Population survey. Results: School lunch is eaten by on average 70-90 % of children aged 9-18 years. Of all employees, 30 % eat at a worksite canteen daily, whereas 30 % of men and 45 % of women eat packed lunches. Nationally representative cross-sectional population surveys show that the use of catering services is associated with more healthy food habits; schoolchildren eating school meals and employees eating lunch at a worksite canteen tend to make food choices closer to nutritional recommendations as compared to those not using catering services to the same degree. Conclusions: Some evidence exists that catering services in schools and worksites contribute to healthy eating habits in the population. In order to verify the positive role of catering services more scientific research with prospective and intervention design studies will be needed.

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“…However, studies conducted before the introduction of the 2006 food-based standards found that packed lunches typically contained fewer fruit and vegetables and more sources of sugar, saturated fat and Na than school lunches (3)(4)(5) , although they often provided more Ca and Fe (6) . Packed lunches consumed by pupils from low-income households were typically of poorer nutritional quality (7) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communicationKey differences between school lunches and packed lunches in primary schools in England in 2009

Pearce¹,

Harper²,

Haroun³

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To compare the key differences between school lunches and packed lunches as consumed in a nationally representative sample of primary schools, 6-8 months after the nutrient-based standards for school lunch became mandatory. Design: Data on 6580 pupils' school lunches and 3422 pupils' packed lunches were collected between February and April 2009 from pupils attending primary schools in England. Fieldwork was conducted over five consecutive school days. Fieldworkers randomly selected ten pupils taking a school lunch and five pupils bringing a packed lunch each day at each school, and recorded and weighed all food and drink items consumed, as well as any leftovers. Setting: A nationally representative sample of 136 state-maintained primary schools in England. Subjects: A total of 10 002 pupils aged 4-12 years. Results: Mean intakes of protein, fat, saturated fat and vitamin C from both types of lunch met the nutrient-based standards. Pupils taking school lunches on average consumed significantly more protein, NSP, vitamin A, folate and Zn and less fat, saturated fat, non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), Na, Ca, vitamin C and Fe than pupils taking packed lunches. Energy intakes were low in both groups. Conclusions: Packed lunches were less likely to accord with food-based or nutrientbased standards than school lunches. Higher levels of Na, NMES, fat and percentage energy from saturated fat emphasise the difficulties associated with optimising nutrient intakes from packed lunches.

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Food and nutrient intakes of primary school children: a comparison of school meals and packed lunches

Cited by 72 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of Children’s Lunch Box Contents by Photograph and Their Relationship with Mothers’ Concern

Evaluation of Children’s Lunch Box Contents by Photograph and Their Relationship with Mothers’ Concern

School and workplace meals promote healthy food habits

Short communicationKey differences between school lunches and packed lunches in primary schools in England in 2009

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