Food and Industrial Grade Titanium Dioxide Impacts Gut Microbiota

WallerTravis,; ChenChen,; WalkerSharon, L

doi:10.1089/ees.2016.0364

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The presence of a nano-sized fraction in this additive, as shown by Yang et al (2014) and Dudefoi et al (2017b) is increasingly suspected to play a role in disruption of intestinal homeostasis and development of gut microbiota dysbiosis. The microbiota, an important gut player, is rarely explored in food nanotoxicology ( Fröhlich and Fröhlich, 2016 ; Fröhlich and Roblegg, 2016 ; Mercier-Bonin et al, 2016 ; Pietroiusti et al, 2016 ), apart from two recent studies which focus on E171 vs. P25 ( Dudefoi et al, 2017a ; Waller et al, 2017 ). Both studies were based on an in vitro colon model, inoculated with a gut microbial community from a healthy donor ( Waller et al, 2017 ) or the defined anaerobic human gut bacterial community MET-1 ( Dudefoi et al, 2017a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though an increasing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is a major player in food toxicology ( Claus et al, 2016 ; Ribière et al, 2016 ; Jin et al, 2017 ), the interactions of dietary nanoparticles with commensal intestinal and/or transient food-borne bacteria are largely unknown ( Fröhlich and Fröhlich, 2016 ; Fröhlich and Roblegg, 2016 ; Mercier-Bonin et al, 2016 ; Pietroiusti et al, 2016 ). The impact of E171 on the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota has recently been assessed in vitro ( Dudefoi et al, 2017a ; Waller et al, 2017 ). However, most of the literature to date focuses on the TiO 2 photocatalytic antibacterial applications under UV light ( McCullagh et al, 2007 ; Liu et al, 2010 ; Pigeot-Rémy et al, 2011 ; Carré et al, 2014 ; Joost et al, 2015 ), even though increasing attention is being paid to bacterial inactivation in the absence of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging

et al. 2018

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a food additive (E171 in the EU) for its whitening and opacifying properties. However, a risk of intestinal barrier disruption, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, is increasingly suspected because of the presence of a nano-sized fraction in this additive. We hypothesized that food-grade E171 and Aeroxyde P25 (identical to the NM-105 OECD reference nanomaterial in the European Union Joint Research Centre) interact with both commensal intestinal bacteria and transient food-borne bacteria under non-UV-irradiated conditions. Based on differences in their physicochemical properties, we expect a difference in their respective effects. To test these hypotheses, we chose a panel of eight Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacterial strains, isolated from different biotopes and belonging to the species Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis (subsp. lactis and cremoris), Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus sakei. Bacterial cells were exposed to food-grade E171 vs. P25 in vitro and the interactions were explored with innovative (nano)imaging methods. The ability of bacteria to trap TiO2 was demonstrated using synchrotron UV fluorescence imaging with single cell resolution. Subsequent alterations in the growth profiles were shown, notably for the transient food-borne L. lactis and the commensal intestinal E. coli in contact with food-grade TiO2. However, for both species, the reduction in cell cultivability remained moderate, and the morphological and ultrastructural damages, observed with electron microscopy, were restricted to a small number of cells. E. coli exposed to food-grade TiO2 showed some internalization of TiO2 (7% of cells), observed with high-resolution nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry (Nano-SIMS) chemical imaging. Taken together, these data show that E171 may be trapped by commensal and transient food-borne bacteria within the gut. In return, it may induce some physiological alterations in the most sensitive species, with a putative impact on gut microbiota composition and functioning, especially after chronic exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging

et al. 2018

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“…[118] Nevertheless, another study demonstrated that TiO 2 NMs did not show impact the stability of microbiota by evaluating the parameters of community hydrophobicity and electrophoretic mobility. [119] The occurrence of contrary conclusions may be due to the different size, surface modi fication, crystal structure, exposure dose, and animal model, which impose difficulty in evaluating nanomaterials toxicity on gut microbiota. Combined together, although in vivo and in vitro studies have made great progress in understanding the impacts of nanomaterials on gut microbiota, it remains unclear how do physiochemical properties of nanomaterials influence their biological effects on gut microbiota?…”

Section: Effects Of Nanomaterials On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nano–Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location‐Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine

Cui

Bao

Wang

et al. 2020

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201907665. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in food additives, food packages, and therapeutic purposes owing to their useful properties, Therefore, human beings are orally exposed to exogenous nanomaterials frequently, which means the intestine is one of the primary targets of nanomaterials. Consequently, it is of great importance to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and the intestine. When nanomaterials enter into gut lumen, they inevitably interact with various components and thereby display different effects on the intestine based on their locations; these are known as location-oriented effects (LOE). The intestinal LOE confer a new biological-effect profile for nanomaterials, which is dependent on the involvement of the following biological processes: nanomucus interaction, nano-intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) interaction, nanoimmune interaction, and nano-microbiota interaction. A deep understanding ofNM-induced LOE will facilitate the design of safer NMs and the development of more efficient nanomedicine for intestine-related diseases. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed in order to better understand the LOE of nanomaterials. The distant effects of nanomaterials coupling with microbiota are also highlighted. Investigation of the interaction of nanomaterials with the intestine will stimulate other new research areas beyond intestinal nanotoxicity. www.advancedsciencenews.com

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“…Such exposure-induced changes in the phenotypic traits of the gut community, including short-chain fatty acid production (particularly for butyric acid), cell hydrophobicity, sugar content of extracellular polymers, cell size and electrophoretic mobility. In a further study, Waller et al [48] evaluated the impact of food-grade TiO 2 (vs industrial-grade TiO 2 ) on the composition and phenotype of a human gut microbiota. An inhibition of the control-induced shift in microbial composition from Proteobacteria to Firmicutes phyla was observed.…”

Section: Tio 2 In Interaction With the Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Dioxide as Food Additive

Ropers¹,

Terrisse²,

Mercier‐Bonin³

et al. 2017

Application of Titanium Dioxide

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Titanium dioxide is a white metal oxide used in many food categories as food additives to provide a whitening effect. If its use complies with the five specifications including synthesis pathway, crystallographic phase, purity, amount and innocuousness, all other parameters are not defined and were hardly documented. However, in the last 3 years, two studies have deeply characterized food-grade TiO 2 and converged to the fact that the size distribution of food-grade TiO 2 spans over the nanoparticle range (<100 nm) and the surface is not pure TiO 2 but covered by phosphate and eventually silicon species or aluminium species, which modify the surface chemistry of these particles. Until now, this material was considered as safe. However, the toxicological studies later to the last re-evaluation by the European Food Safety Agency reveal some concerns due to the ability of TiO 2 particles to alter the intestinal barrier. This reinforces the idea to go on reinforcing the risk assessment about food-grade TiO 2 .

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Food and Industrial Grade Titanium Dioxide Impacts Gut Microbiota

Cited by 39 publications

References 81 publications

Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging

Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging

The Nano–Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location‐Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine

Titanium Dioxide as Food Additive

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