Food and Feeding Relations of Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in Various Waters of the USSR

Abstract

Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, and pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca, are the most widely distributed of the 11 species of percids in the USSR. This literature review examines their feeding ecology in the USSR.The pikeperch is an ambush–pursuit predator. It can become piscivorous within a few months after hatching, when it begins feeding mostly on small pelagic schooling fishes. In contrast, the perch, a facultative ambush predator, hunts during the day, eating mostly invertebrates and young fish.The daily ration of pikeperch during the most intensive feeding period constitutes 4.5–5.5% of the body weight and decreases to 0.5% during periods of less intensive feeding. The annual ration is 200–250% of its body weight. About 60% of the annual ration is consumed during spring, 15% during summer, 22% during autumn, and 3% during winter. The daily ration of perch is similar to pikeperch — 1–4% of the body weight during spring and autumn and 0.5% during other months. The annual ration of perch is 175–200% of its body weight. About 40% of the annual ration is eaten during spring, 30% during summer, 15% during autumn, and up to 20% during the winter. The conversion of wet weight of food eaten to wet weight of predator is higher for pikeperch (19.6%) and perch (18.2%) than for other predators in our area.Due to different feeding conditions the biological roles of perch and pikeperch vary even within the same water body. Adult pikeperch are always piscivorous, but perch often compete with other fishes for food and are a source of food for pikeperch and other large predators. The abundances of perch and pikeperch are inversely related; a decrease in pikeperch leads to a sharp increase in perch. In some small lakes in the forested area of northwest USSR, the fish fauna is represented by only two sizes of perch: small ones feeding on zooplankton and benthos near shore and larger ones cannibalizing the small ones; these two forms have fluctuated with 17-yr cycles.Calculation of diel, monthly, and annual rations of predators made it possible to determine the total food consumed in a year by one fish and by an entire stock of these predators. Stocking with pikeperch to control smaller fish abundance has been successful in waters with rich food supplies, but in some lakes of Middle Asia it annihilated the native fish fauna. Key words: Percidae, feeding habits, Perca, Stizostedion, annual rations

Management of pikeperch stocking in Lake Balaton: effect of season, area, fish size and method of release on the rate and distribution of recaptures

“…The reason why pikeperch responded differently in this study cannot be clearly ascertained, but two probable causes could be identified. We assume that since pikeperch is active and feeds through the winter (Popova and Sytina, 1977), may be less sensitive to winter, compared for instance to common carp, given that feeding conditions are satisfactory. Moreover, we stocked relatively large pikeperch yearlings (170-305 mm SL) which have much more energy reserves than those of the first wintering natural recruitment (60-100 mm SL; Specziár, 2010) and represent fully switched piscivores which already had escaped from early life feeding bottleneck in Lake Balaton (Specziár, 2005(Specziár, , 2011.…”

Growth and diet of the pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.) in two French reservoirs

“…The shift to piscivory is generally reported to occur during the first summer (Popova andSytina 1977, Sonesten 1991). Our diet analysis, though limited, suggested that the shift occurred later between years 3 and 4.…”

Recherches sur l'état physiologique des poissons de la retenue de Pareloup : données relatives à cinq années d'étude

“…10) sont généralement supé-rieures à celles indiquées dans la littérature pour différentes espèces (0,5 à 1 g/l de plasma) (Field et al, 1943;Wedemeyer et Chatterton, 1970Perrier et al, 1978a (Leibson et Plisetskaya, 1968 ;Patent, 1970 ;Schwalme et Mackay, 1990). A l'inverse des trois autres espèces, la perche est un chasseur actif dans la recherche de sa nourriture et le sandre, un prédateur de poursuite (Popova et Sytina, 1977;Chappaz et al, 1 989).…”