Food and Feeding Preferences of Rainbow and Brown Trout in Southern Appalachian Streams

Cada, Glenn E; Loar, J.M.; Cox, David K.

doi:10.2307/2425980

Cited by 58 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Both the low diet diversity and lack of consumption of terrestrial invertebrates by LRR brown trout are inconsistent with a large volume of literature (e.g., Elliott 1970;Cada et al 1986;Morrison 1997). However, these observations are consistent with the low diversity of macroinvertebrates and particularly fluvial insects present within the LRR (e.g., S.W.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Terrestrial invertebrates often comprise a large proportion of trout diets in streams (e.g., Cada et al 1986), particularly in the summer months, when numerical standing crop of aquatic macroinvertebrates is reduced (Hynes 1970) and terrestrial invertebrates are abundant (Nakano et al 1999). Both the low diet diversity and lack of consumption of terrestrial invertebrates by LRR brown trout are inconsistent with a large volume of literature (e.g., Elliott 1970;Cada et al 1986;Morrison 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Cada et al (1986) identified over 80 prey species consumed by trout in Appalachian streams. However, optimal foraging theory suggests that as a predator increases in size so should its prey (e.g., Pyke 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bioenergetic Analysis of Factors Limiting Brown Trout Growth in an Ozark Tailwater River

2006

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We examined prey utilization and energy consumption by brown trout, Salmo trutta, in a cold tailwater (Little Red River, Arkansas, USA; LRR) having low biodiversity and low availability of fish as prey. Stomach content analysis and age estimation were performed on thirty brown trout (10 each of three size classes for a total of 710 trout) collected monthly from an upstream and downstream site over a 1-year period. Diet diversity was low at both sites, as 80% and 70% of all prey consumed by upstream and downstream brown trout, respectively, were isopods. Piscivory ( < 0.5% of individuals sampled) and consumption of terrestrial invertebrates were rare. There was no relation between diet diversity and trout age, and a very small ontogenetic shift in brown trout diet. Second, we investigated brown trout growth rates relative to prey consumption and temperature. Temperatures and availability of prey were less than required for maximal trout growth. However, prey availability limited trout growth directly, but sub-optimal temperatures probably buffered the effect of this reduced energy consumption by reducing metabolic energy expenditures. Brown trout growth was 54.8-57.0% of the maximum predicted by a bioenergetics model. Instantaneous growth rates for age 1 and adult brown trout were slightly higher for those downstream (0.195) versus those upstream (0.152). Although isopods are abundant within this tailwater to serve as a forage base, the displacement of native fish fauna and subsequent lack of establishment of cold-tolerant forage fish species due to the thermal regime of hypolimnetic release from Greers Ferry Reservoir probably serves as a major barrier to brown trout growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bioenergetic Analysis of Factors Limiting Brown Trout Growth in an Ozark Tailwater River

2006

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“…data). Terrestrial invertebrates can be an important trophic link between terrestrial plants and salmonids in some streams (Cada et al 1994;Wipfli 1997), but their importance as a food source for macroinvertebrates in St. Vrain Creek is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative importance of carbon sources for macroinvertebrates in a Rocky Mountain stream

McCutchan

Lewis

2002

Limnology & Oceanography

138

143

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Estimates of carbon sources, as determined from ratios of stable isotopes, were used in conjunction with estimates of secondary production to determine the relative contribution of algal carbon to macroinvertebrate production across a gradient of elevation in a Rocky Mountain stream (North St. Vrain Creek, Colorado). The relative contribution of algal carbon to macroinvertebrate production was then compared to the relative availability of algal carbon. Although algal production accounted for less than 2-40% of the combined sources of organic matter to North St. Vrain Creek, the relative contribution of algal carbon to annual macroinvertebrate production ranged from approximately 40% at a subalpine site to nearly 80% at a more open site in the foothills. Thus, the proportional contribution of algal carbon to consumer production greatly exceeded the relative availability of algal carbon in North St. Vrain Creek. Despite the disproportionate importance of algal carbon to consumers, most macroinvertebrates in North St. Vrain Creek used some vascular plant carbon.

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“…Such factors may negate quantitative changes in terrestrial inputs under different riparian management regimes . Although perhaps of little consequence in the Taieri River drainage, riparian factors that influence inputs of terrestrial invertebrates are predicted to have greater consequences for fish production elsewhere, particularly in oligotrophic streams with low levels of benthic prey production during summer when energy demands of fish are high and biomass of benthic invertebrates may be at a minimum (Hynes, 1970;Hunt, 1975 ;Cada et al ., 1987 ;Garman & Moring, 1993) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of riparian land use on contributions of terrestrial invertebrates to streams

Edwards

Huryn

1996

Hydrobiologia

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Since terrestrial invertebrates are often consumed by stream fishes, land-use practices that influence the input of terrestrial invertebrates to streams are predicted to have consequences for fish production . We studied the effect of riparian land-use regime on terrestrial invertebrate inputs by estimating the biomass, abundance and taxonomic richness of terrestrial invertebrate drift from 15 streams draining catchments with three different riparian land-use regimes and vegetation types : intensive grazing -exotic pasture grasses (4 streams), extensive grazing -native tussock grasses (6 streams), reserve -native forest (5 streams) . Terrestrial invertebrate drift was sampled from replicated stream reaches enclosed by two 1 mm mesh drift nets that spanned the entire channel . The mean biomass of terrestrial invertebrates that entered tussock grassland (12 mg ash-free dry mass m-2 d -1 ) and forest streams (6 mg AFDM m -2 d`1 ) was not significantly different (p > 0 .05) . However, biomass estimated for tussock grassland and forest streams was significantly higher than biomass that entered pasture streams (1 mg AFDM m -2 d-1 ) . Mean abundance and richness of drifting terrestrial invertebrates was not significantly different among land-use types . Winged insects contributed more biomass than wingless invertebrates to both pasture and tussock grassland streams . Winged and wingless invertebrates contributed equally to biomass entering forest streams . Land use was a useful variable explaining landscape-level patterns of terrestrial invertebrate input for New Zealand streams . Evidence from this study suggests that riparian land-use regime will have important influences on the availability of terrestrial invertebrates to stream fishes .

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Food and Feeding Preferences of Rainbow and Brown Trout in Southern Appalachian Streams

Cited by 58 publications

References 14 publications

A Bioenergetic Analysis of Factors Limiting Brown Trout Growth in an Ozark Tailwater River

A Bioenergetic Analysis of Factors Limiting Brown Trout Growth in an Ozark Tailwater River

Relative importance of carbon sources for macroinvertebrates in a Rocky Mountain stream

Effect of riparian land use on contributions of terrestrial invertebrates to streams

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