“…The six competencies in the essential category were soft skills needed to develop good working relationships with customers and employees. In 1994, food and beverage management competencies were reported by Okeiyi, Finley, and Postel (1994), identifying soft skills as essential competencies for food and beverage managers. The literature has seen a continued interest in competencies specifically related to hospitality, including competencies for club managers (Perdue, Ninemeier, & Woods, 2002), hospitality managers at different organizational levels (Kay & Russette, 2000), in the United Kingdom (Baum, 1990), and in Australia (Dimmock, Breen, & Walo, 2003).…”