Food Allergy: Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

Dupont, Christophe

doi:10.1159/000334145

Cited by 32 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…They have dramatically and rapidly increased in prevalence in the last several decades, especially in areas with a westernized lifestyle. Despite the associated risk of severe allergic reactions and even death, there is currently no treatment for FA; thus, management of the disease continues to be based on patient education, ensuring strict allergen avoidance, and treatment of symptoms (1). Therefore, the development of new strategies for FA prevention appears to be essential to address this unmet medical need.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Novel Candidate Probiotic Strains with Prophylactic Properties in a Murine Model of Cow's Milk Allergy

Neau

Delannoy

Marion

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Food allergies can have significant effects on morbidity and on quality of life. Therefore, the development of efficient approaches to reduce the risk of developing food allergies is of considerable interest. The aim of this study was to identify and select probiotic strains with preventive properties against allergies using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. To that end, 31 strains of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were screened for their immunomodulatory properties in two cellular models, namely, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T helper 2 (Th2)-skewed murine splenocytes. Six strains inducing a high interleukin-10 (IL-10)/IL-12p70 ratio and a low secretion of IL-4 on the two cellular models were selected, and their protective impact was tested in vivo in a murine model of food allergy to ␤-lactoglobulin. Three strains showed a protective impact on sensitization, with a decrease in allergen-specific IgE, and on allergy, with a decrease in mast cell degranulation. Analysis of the impact of these three strains on the T helper balance revealed different mechanisms of action. The Lactobacillus salivarius LA307 strain proved to block Th1 and Th2 responses, while the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis LA308 strain induced a pro-Th1 profile and the Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305 strain induced pro-Th1 and regulatory responses. These results demonstrate that a combination of in vitro and in vivo screening is effective in probiotic strain selection and allowed identification of three novel probiotic strains that are active against sensitization in mice. Food allergies (FA) are an important public health problem that affects adults and children. They have dramatically and rapidly increased in prevalence in the last several decades, especially in areas with a westernized lifestyle. Despite the associated risk of severe allergic reactions and even death, there is currently no treatment for FA; thus, management of the disease continues to be based on patient education, ensuring strict allergen avoidance, and treatment of symptoms (1). Therefore, the development of new strategies for FA prevention appears to be essential to address this unmet medical need.The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases over the past 20 to 30 years and the dichotomy in their rates between industrialized and developing countries are two lines of evidence suggesting that environmental changes are a major factor for the development of allergies. Intestinal commensal bacteria and their sequential establishment are known to play a crucial role in the maturation of the intestinal immune system, modulation of the T helper (Th) balance, acquisition of oral tolerance, and maintenance of gut wall epithelial integrity (2, 3). Yet, numerous clinical and experimental studies have reported intestinal dysbiosis in patients with allergic symptoms, with a low diversity and qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the composition of their intestinal microbiota compared to that of healthy individuals (4...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Novel Candidate Probiotic Strains with Prophylactic Properties in a Murine Model of Cow's Milk Allergy

Neau

Delannoy

Marion

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…They include immunologically mediated reactions, which may be mediated either by IgE antibodies, by cells (non-IgE-mediated) or both (mixed), and non-immunological responses (food intolerance), which are dependent on enzyme deficiencies or pharmacological reactions or, in the majority of cases, arise by unknown mechanisms (Ortolani, 1995;Dupont, 2011;Sicherer and Leung, 2011;Vickery et al, 2011;Waserman and Watson, 2011;Muraro et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Classification Of Adverse Reactions To Foods and Definition mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis of food allergy is often difficult because of the variable and subjective nature of the symptoms and the lack of objective clinical signs (Boyce et al, 2011;Dupont, 2011;National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2011). Guidelines and protocols for the clinical diagnosis of food allergy have been published (Boyce et al, 2011;Dupont, 2011;National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2011;Muraro et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Clinical Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2014

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. In view of the request, the NDA Panel decided to update its previous opinions relative to food ingredients or substances with known allergenic potential listed in Annex IIIa of 2003/89/EC, as amended. These include cereals containing gluten, milk and dairy products, eggs, nuts, peanuts, soy, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, celery, lupin, sesame, mustard and sulphites. The opinion relates to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-and non-IgE-mediated food allergy, to coeliac disease and to adverse reactions to sulphites in food, and it does not address non-immune-mediated adverse reactions to food. It includes information on the prevalence of food allergy in unselected populations, proteins identified as food allergens, cross-reactivities, the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of foods and ingredients, methods for the detection of allergens and allergenic foods, doses observed to trigger adverse reactions in sensitive individuals and risk assessment methodologies that have been used to derive individual and population thresholds for selected allergenic foods. The present opinion relates to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-and non-IgE-mediated food allergy, to coeliac disease and to adverse reactions to sulphites in food, and it does not address non-immune-mediated adverse reactions to food. For each food ingredient or substance listed in Annex IIIa, it includes information on the prevalence of food allergy in unselected populations, on proteins identified as food allergens, on cross-reactivities, on the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of foods and ingredients, on methods for the detection of allergens and allergenic foods, and on doses observed to trigger adverse reactions in sensitive individuals.Immune-mediated adverse reactions to foods manifest with clinical signs and symptoms of variable severity and duration, which may affect different organs and systems. Anaphylactic reactions to food are IgE mediated and may occur at any age. Non-IgE-mediated food allergy includes a wide range of diseases, including protein-induced enterocolitis and eosinophilic oesophagitis.A careful family and clinical history are the basis for diagnosis of food allergy. Food diaries, skin prick tests (SPTs), allergen-specific IgE measurements, food elimination diets and food challenges are part of the standard protocol for the diagnosis of food allergy. A positive SPT indicates sensitisation to the tested food, but it is not diagnostic of food allergy. Allergen-specific serum IgE antibodies similarly denote sensitisation to a particular food, but they are not diagnostic without a clinical history or food challenge. The use of atopy patch tests for the diagnosis of food allergy is controversial. Other available tests have no current role in the diagnosis of food allergy. Diag...

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“…In westernized countries, food allergy affects an estimated 8% of young children and 2% of adults (Cianferoni, 2014). Foodinduced allergic reactions may be responsible for different clinical symptoms that can affect the skin, and the digestive and respiratory tracts (Dupont, 2011). Despite the risk of severe allergic reactions and even death, there is no curative treatment for food allergy, and strict avoidance of the offending food remains the only effective measure to prevent allergic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunological assay for allergen identification, clinical diagnosis of allergy, and identification of anti-allergy agents for use in immunotherapy

Sun

Zhou

Zhou³

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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(2015) Use of a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunological assay for allergen identification, clinical diagnosis of allergy, and identification of anti-allergy agents for use in immunotherapy, Journal of Immunotoxicology, 12:2, 199-205, DOI: 10.3109/1547691X.2014 AbstractFood allergy is an important public health problem that affects an estimated 8% of young children and 2% of adults. With an increasing interest in genetically-engineered foods, there is a growing need for development of sensitive and specific tests to evaluate potential allergenicity of foods and novel proteins as well as to determine allergic responses to ensure consumer safety. This review covers progress made in the field of development of cell models, specifically that involving a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunoassay, for use in allergen identification, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The RBL assay has been extensively employed for determining biologically relevant cross-reactivities of food proteins, assessing the effect of processing on the allergenicity of food proteins, diagnosing allergic responses to whole-food products, and identifying anti-allergy food compounds. From the review of the literature, one might conclude the RBL cell-based assay is a better test system when compared to wild-type mast cell and basophil model systems for use in allergen identification, diagnosis, and analyses of potential immunotherapeutics. However, it is important to emphasize that this assay will only be able to identify those allergens to which the human has already been exposed, but will not identify a truly novel allergen, i.e. one that has never been encountered as in its preferred (humanized) configuration.

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Food Allergy: Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

Cited by 32 publications

References 111 publications

Three Novel Candidate Probiotic Strains with Prophylactic Properties in a Murine Model of Cow's Milk Allergy

Three Novel Candidate Probiotic Strains with Prophylactic Properties in a Murine Model of Cow's Milk Allergy

Untitled

Use of a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunological assay for allergen identification, clinical diagnosis of allergy, and identification of anti-allergy agents for use in immunotherapy

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