Food Addiction, Binge Eating, and the Role of Dietary Restraint: Converging Evidence from Animal and Human Studies

Wiss, David A.; Avena, Nicole M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43562-2_14

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…We have recognized dietary restraint as a primary contributor of “noise” in the FA signal. Failure to consider restrictive eating patterns is an important criticism of FA that has led many ED professionals to reject the construct altogether [ 15 ]. The eight-step process outlined in Table 1 might improve the FA assessment process and help clinicians further integrate FA into ED treatment protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been considerable debate regarding the utility of an FA “diagnosis” without considering the contribution of dietary restraint in increasing FA symptoms [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. While FA is not recognized by the DSM, the term diagnosis is used loosely throughout this manuscript.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, FA does not always necessitate rigid nutrition interventions. Arguments for and against the FA construct in the context of binge eating have recently been published [ 15 ]. Here, the position that FA can be relevant as a clinical entity is presented, and it is suggested that the presence of other psychiatric conditions such as ED, SUD, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be useful in determining if an individual requires targeted nutritional treatment (e.g., abstinence from specific foods).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Wiss

Brewerton

2020

Nutrients

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Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction “diagnosis” among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or “the signal”) from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or “restraint”) that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or “the noise”). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Wiss

Brewerton

2020

Nutrients

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“…Respondents reported high-stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic that led to the increased binge-eating [48]. Stress and emotional eating have also been studied as there was a strong positive relationship between increased emotional eating and stress induced by quarantine [47,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Food Addiction during Covid-19 Pandemic in Amman, Jordan: A Cross Sectional Study

Musharbash¹,

Elsahoryi²,

McGrattan³

et al. 2021

JNFP

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Aim: Emerging evidence highlights the impact of stressful conditions on eating behaviours, particularly the consumption of foods high in salt, sugar and fat. The impact of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on food addiction is still un-estimated. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of food addiction among the Jordanian population during the quarantine. Materials and methods: A Cross-sectional study has been conducted between the 27th of April and the 4th of June of 2020. An online survey of Yale food addiction scale v.2.0 (YFAS 2.0) was distributed. A convenience sample was collected through social media sites. Differences in socio-demographic characteristics were analysed using t-test and chi-square tests. Food addiction was classified based on the scoring scale. Determinants of food addition were predicted by using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of food addiction was 21.5% among adults. Among food addiction participants, 76.4% were diagnosed as severely food addicted. More than 50% of the participants reported high consumption of foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat (48.2%, 51.8%, and 52.5%, respectively). Overweight and obese young adults were more likely to have food addiction compared to normal weight. The multinominal logistic regression model revealed that there was no determinants of food addiction among adults. Conclusion: During the first months of the quarantine, the prevalence of food addiction was higher among obese and overweight adults compared to normal-weight adults.

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“…Evidence reviewed herein suggest that OA may be an underutilized tool in the treatment and recovery of some forms of binge eating. Clinical experience suggests that for properly classified individuals (e.g., those with food addiction in the absence of pathological dietary restraint [ 62 , 79 , 80 ]) this option may be a wise and cost-effective choice for sustaining long-term recovery. Meanwhile, outcomes are likely to depend on whether individuals find a twelve-step group appropriate for their particular condition.…”

Section: Clinical Criticisms Against Overeaters Anonymousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overeaters Anonymous: An Overlooked Intervention for Binge Eating Disorder

Bray

Rodríguez-Martín²,

Wiss

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The purpose of this communication is to provide an overview as well as the strengths and weaknesses of Overeaters Anonymous (OA) as an intervention for binge eating disorder treatment. Binge eating disorder is associated with low remission rates, high relapse rates, treatment dissatisfaction, and high rates of failure to receive treatment attributed to stigma, misconceptions, lack of diagnosis, access to care, and inadequate insurance coverage. New interventions are needed that can overcome these barriers. OA is a twelve-step program and established fellowship for individuals who self-identify as having problematic relationships with food or eating. OA can be referred clinically or sought out by an individual confidentially, without a diagnosis, and free of charge. OA’s Nine Tools, Twelve Steps, and Twelve Traditions can provide structure, social support, and open, anonymous sharing that fosters a sense of connection and belonging. This may provide benefit to individuals who value structure and social support in their recovery. The tradition of anonymity may also create some challenges for conducting research and may explain the shortage of empirical support. This commentary reviews existing research findings on the effectiveness of twelve-step interventions and OA. Common misunderstandings about and within OA are also addressed and OA’s limitations are discussed. Overall, OA provides a promising option for binge eating disorder treatment that warrants clinical research on its feasibility and efficacy in a way that respects and protects its tradition of anonymity.

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Food Addiction, Binge Eating, and the Role of Dietary Restraint: Converging Evidence from Animal and Human Studies

Cited by 12 publications

References 143 publications

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Prevalence of Food Addiction during Covid-19 Pandemic in Amman, Jordan: A Cross Sectional Study

Overeaters Anonymous: An Overlooked Intervention for Binge Eating Disorder

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