Food Addiction and Obesity: Do Macronutrients Matter?

Zilberter, Tanya

doi:10.3389/fnene.2012.00007

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although results can vary depending upon the methods, and this result needs to be replicated to demonstrate its reliability, the fact that these authors directly compared binge eaters and non binge eaters under the same conditions suggests that there may be something different about the striatal DAergic responsiveness of binge eaters. Moreover, these findings are consistent with the microdialysis results showing that increases in accumbens DA release in response to sucrose in binge eating rats does not habituate in the same way as it does in normal rats (6,12). However, interpretation of these results is somewhat complicated by findings from some pharmacology studies.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Researchers and clinicians who focus on drug addiction often talk about dependence and withdrawal phenomena; applied to food as a general category, this concept is meaningless, because nutrients are a genuine physiological need. This recognition has led many to consider that, in some general sense, food addiction is an oversimplified term (9), because people and other animals that are said to have this condition are not addicted to food per se, but rather to foods with particular macronutrient contents (2,9,10,11,12), under certain environmental conditions (9). Moreover, the relation between food addiction and binge eating disorder, as well as the role that these conditions play in subtypes of obesity, remains uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dopamine and Food Addiction: Lexicon Badly Needed

Salamone

Correa

2013

Biological Psychiatry

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Over the last few years, the concept of food addiction has become a common feature in the scientific literature, as well as the popular press. Nevertheless, the use of the term “addiction” to describe pathological aspects of food intake in humans remains controversial, and even among those who affirm the validity of the concept, there is considerable disagreement about its utility for explaining the increasing prevalence of obesity throughout much of the world. An examination of the literature on food addiction indicates that mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine systems often are cited as mechanisms that contribute to the establishment of food addiction. However, in reviewing this literature, it is important to have a detailed consideration of the complex nature of dopaminergic involvement in motivational processes. For example, although it is often stated that mesolimbic dopamine mediates “reward”, there is no standard or consistent technical meaning of this term. Moreover, there is a persistent tendency to link dopamine transmission with pleasure or hedonia, as opposed to other aspects of motivation or learning. The present paper provides a critical discussion of some aspects of the food addiction literature, viewed through the lens of recent findings and current theoretical views of dopaminergic involvement in food motivation. Furthermore, compulsive food intake and binge eating will be considered from an evolutionary perspective, in terms of the motivational subsystems that are involved in adaptive patterns of food consumption and seeking behaviors, and a consideration of how these could be altered in pathological conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and Food Addiction: Lexicon Badly Needed

Salamone

Correa

2013

Biological Psychiatry

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“…Therefore, a second equally important question to be answered is whether ‘food addiction’ is significantly correlated with the severity of obesity in the general population. A third question concerns the intake of macronutrient in ‘food addiction’, because data suggest that each macronutrient may play a different role [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Addiction: Its Prevalence and Significant Association with Obesity in the General Population

et al. 2013

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Background‘Food addiction’ shares a similar neurobiological and behavioral framework with substance addiction. However whether, and to what degree, ‘food addiction’ contributes to obesity in the general population is unknown.Objectivesto assess 1) the prevalence of ‘food addiction’ in the Newfoundland population; 2) if clinical symptom counts of ‘food addiction’ were significantly correlated with the body composition measurements; 3) if food addicts were significantly more obese than controls, and 4) if macronutrient intakes are associated with ‘food addiction’.DesignA total of 652 adults (415 women, 237 men) recruited from the general population participated in this study. Obesity was evaluated by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat percentage measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ‘Food addiction’ was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale and macronutrient intake was determined from the Willet Food Frequency Questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of ‘food addiction’ was 5.4% (6.7% in females and 3.0% in males) and increased with obesity status. The clinical symptom counts of ‘food addiction’ were positively correlated with all body composition measurements across the entire sample (p<0.001). Obesity measurements were significantly higher in food addicts than controls; Food addicts were 11.7 (kg) heavier, 4.6 BMI units higher, and had 8.2% more body fat and 8.5% more trunk fat. Furthermore, food addicts consumed more calories from fat and protein compared with controls.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that ‘food addiction’ contributes to severity of obesity and body composition measurements from normal weight to obese individuals in the general population with higher rate in women as compared to men.

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“…Whether or not obesity involves food addiction in some obese people is still debatable. Growing data favor the idea that excess food intake may drive addictive behaviors [ 27 ]. Certain addictive behaviors, such as failed attempts to reduce food intake or continued feeding in spite of negative fallout, manifest in troubled eating patterns [ 27 ].…”

Section: Binge Eating and Food Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing data favor the idea that excess food intake may drive addictive behaviors [ 27 ]. Certain addictive behaviors, such as failed attempts to reduce food intake or continued feeding in spite of negative fallout, manifest in troubled eating patterns [ 27 ]. The brain also appears to respond to highly palatable foods in some similar fashions as it does to addictive drugs [ 28 ].…”

Section: Binge Eating and Food Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity: Pathophysiology and Intervention

et al. 2014

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Obesity presents a major health hazard of the 21st century. It promotes co-morbid diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Excessive energy intake, physical inactivity, and genetic susceptibility are main causal factors for obesity, while gene mutations, endocrine disorders, medication, or psychiatric illnesses may be underlying causes in some cases. The development and maintenance of obesity may involve central pathophysiological mechanisms such as impaired brain circuit regulation and neuroendocrine hormone dysfunction. Dieting and physical exercise offer the mainstays of obesity treatment, and anti-obesity drugs may be taken in conjunction to reduce appetite or fat absorption. Bariatric surgeries may be performed in overtly obese patients to lessen stomach volume and nutrient absorption, and induce faster satiety. This review provides a summary of literature on the pathophysiological studies of obesity and discusses relevant therapeutic strategies for managing obesity.

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Food Addiction and Obesity: Do Macronutrients Matter?

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Dopamine and Food Addiction: Lexicon Badly Needed

Dopamine and Food Addiction: Lexicon Badly Needed

Food Addiction: Its Prevalence and Significant Association with Obesity in the General Population

Obesity: Pathophysiology and Intervention

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