Food Access Deficiencies in Sub-saharan Africa: Prevalence and Implications for Agricultural Interventions

Fraval, Simon; Hammond, James; Bogard, Jessica R.; Ng’endo, Mary; Etten, Jacob van; Herrero, Mario; Oosting, S.J.; Boer, I.J.M. de; Lannerstad, Mats; Teufel, Nils; Lamanna, Christine; Rosenstock, Todd S.; Pagella, Tim; Vanlauwe, Bernard; Dontsop-Nguezet, Paul M.; Baines, David; Carpena, Pietro; Njingulula, Paulin; Okafor, Christopher; Wichern, Jannike; Ayantunde, Augustine A.; Bosire, Caroline; Chesterman, Sabrina; Kihoro, Esther; Rao, E.J.O.; Skirrow, Tom; Steinke, Jonathan; Stirling, Clare M.; Yameogo, Viviane; Wijk, Mark T. van

doi:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00104

Cited by 102 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…However, focusing on production alone ignores two key aspects of the pillar: (1) it is too simplistic to equate production to food security (and one of its key indicators, nutrition). There are several examples in the literature that show that increased (crop) productivity leads to decreased food security and even malnutrition (for example introducing a more productive crop could lead to a reduction in the diversity of crops being produced) (Fraval et al, 2019). Campbell et al (2016) also make this point that CSA ought to look beyond production to other dimensions of food security.…”

Section: Pillar 1: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New work tries to fill this gap, and develop conceptual and more quantitative models linking agricultural production to food security and nutritional outcomes. Exciting new approaches make use of so-called pathway models, which can be used in both qualitative and quantitative ways to link agricultural production to food security and nutritional outcomes (e.g., de Jager et al, 2017;Fraval et al, 2019). Pathway models use empirical data, normally based on household surveys, to construct relations between important variables in a predefined pathway model to evaluate how important each of the ways to obtain food is (for example one pathway is to produce food for direct consumption, but farmers also sell agricultural products to buy food, or have off farm income to do the same).…”

Section: Pillar 1: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Assessments of the Three Pillars of Climate Smart Agriculture: Current Achievements and Ideas for the Future

Wijk

Merbold

Hammond

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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In this study we evaluate Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) assessment tools with regard to their suitability for covering not only biophysical but also socioeconomic aspects of CSA, focusing on smallholder household level in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). In this opinion piece we give a concise overview of the most recent developments in measuring key indicators and metrics for the three pillars of CSA (food security, adaptation, and mitigation) and give our opinion on how we think this would allow for improvements in the current state of assessing CSA in a smallholder farming context. Our assessment shows that all tools reviewed here have a biophysical lens while looking at productivity, and largely ignore potential social (e.g., food security, gender) and economic (poverty) aspects of the sustainability of intensified production. Mitigation was also analyzed in all approaches but few tools go beyond greenhouse gas emissions to analyse environmental sustainability (for example water quality, soil health, ecosystem services) more generically. Climate change adaptation was the CSA pillar with the weakest representation within the approaches reviewed here. Based on an overview of recent advantages in work focusing on CSA our key recommendations are (i) to make better use of recent advances in indicator development for sustainability assessments, including work on quantification of water and land footprints in relation to farm management; (ii) to use household level analyses to quantify pathways from productivity toward food security and improved nutrition as well as descripting drivers of adoption of adaptation options; and (iii) to use recent advances in system specific quantification of greenhouse gas emissions through both LMIC focused modeling and empirical work.

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Section: Pillar 1: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pillar 1: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Assessments of the Three Pillars of Climate Smart Agriculture: Current Achievements and Ideas for the Future

Wijk

Merbold

Hammond

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Livestock provide approximately 26 percent of human global protein consumption and 13 percent of total calories, as well as essential micronutrients (Hoffmann et al, 2014). Owning livestock reduces the prevalence of severe food insecurity and ensures higher diet diversity across a range of countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Fraval et al, 2019).…”

Section: Rangelands and Open Ecosystems: Undervalued And Neglectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

With Power Comes Responsibility – A Rangelands Perspective on Forest Landscape Restoration

Vetter

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…There are other possible benefits generated by crop diversification that contribute to the broader capacity of a household to adapt to climate change, particularly in the presence of poorly functioning markets. Among these benefits are increasing opportunities to engage with local markets because of the greater variety of farm products (McCord et al 2015;Keleman et al 2013), a potential for greater dietary diversity (Fraval et al 2019;Bellon et al 2016), and reduced micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition (Carletto et al 2015;Islam et al 2018). Despite all these benefits, crop diversification must be evaluated carefully in the context in which it takes place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s empowerment and farmland allocations in Bangladesh: evidence of a possible pathway to crop diversification

et al. 2020

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Climate change will likely affect several of the dimensions that determine people’s food security status in Bangladesh, from crop production to the availability and accessibility of food products. Crop diversification is a form of adaptation to climate change that reduces exposure to climate-related risks and has also been shown to increase diet diversity, reduce micronutrient deficiencies, and positively affect agro-ecological systems. Despite these benefits, the level of crop diversification in Bangladesh remains extremely low, requiring an examination of the factors that support uptake of this practice. This paper explores whether women’s empowerment, measured using the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), leads to increased diversification in the use of farmland. Our results reveal that some aspects of women’s empowerment in agriculture, but not all, lead to more diversification and to a transition from cereal production to other crops like vegetables and fruits. These findings suggest a possible pathway for gender-sensitive interventions that promote crop diversity as a risk management tool and as a way to improve the availability of nutritious crops.

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Food Access Deficiencies in Sub-saharan Africa: Prevalence and Implications for Agricultural Interventions

Cited by 102 publications

References 56 publications

Improving Assessments of the Three Pillars of Climate Smart Agriculture: Current Achievements and Ideas for the Future

Improving Assessments of the Three Pillars of Climate Smart Agriculture: Current Achievements and Ideas for the Future

With Power Comes Responsibility – A Rangelands Perspective on Forest Landscape Restoration

Women’s empowerment and farmland allocations in Bangladesh: evidence of a possible pathway to crop diversification

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