Following of erosive wash of soil in variants with different intercrops

Abstract

BADALÍKOVÁ, B., HRUBÝ, J.: Following of erosive wash of soil in variants with diff erent intercrops. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2010, LVIII, No. 2, pp. 27-34 In a pilot experiment established in a sugar beet growing region the erosive washing away of soil was studied in the years 2006 to 2008. The area is located at an altitude of 246 m with the long-term mean precipitation of 500 mm and the mean annual temperature of 8.4 °C. The soils are classifi ed as Chernozem, moderately heavy, loamy, with a good supply of nutrients, humus content of 2.30 % and an alkaline soil reaction. Slope gradient is 12 %, exposition is NE. To study the role of intercrops in erosion control, three variants were established a er the harvest of the main crop, two variants with diff erent intercrops and one (control) with no intercrop. These were Variant 1 with Secale cereale L. var. multicaule METZG. ex ALEF., a non-freezing intercrop, Variant 2 with cluster mallow (Malva verticillata L.), a freezing intercrop, and a control variant with no intercrop. In Variant 1 Secale cereale L. var. multicaule was desiccated with the herbicide Roundup in early spring. All the variants involved maize as the main crop. In variants 1 and 2, maize was sown in intercrop residues a er seedbed preparation by Vario and a compactor. In Variant 3 maize was sown a er conventional seedbed preparation. For assessment of soil conditions soil samples were taken to determine soil physical and chemical properties and water content in the soil. Soil loss by erosion was determined using specially-designed pockets. Erosive washing away of soil was monitored during the entire growing season of maize. The variants in which intercrops were used were found very eff ective in soil erosion control. In Variant 3 (control) without surface crop residues, the washing away of soil was recorded with each heavy torrential rain. During the all years the total amount of soil loss by erosion in this treatment was 2.25 t . ha −1 . water erosion, intercrops, wash of soil, maize Pro snížení rizika působení eroze je třeba prová-dět protierozní ochranu půdy. Protierozní ochrana je soubor opatření k zeslabení nebo zamezení účinku eroze na půdu, půdní vláhu a povrchovou vodu a pěstované plodiny. Využívá se především v zemědělství, současně však chrání před erozními účinky vodní zdroje, intravilány, komunikace a další stavby, dále pásma hygienické ochrany vodních zdrojů, chráněné přírodní útvary a další. Protierozní účinek se mění vlivem erodovatelnosti půdy. V erodovatelnosti půdy nastávají sezonní změny, které se projevují změnou půdní struktury, stability agregátů a propustnosti půdy (např. Bajracharyar, Lal;1992). Erodovatelnost půdy závisí na více půdních vlastnostech fyzikálního, chemického a mineralogického charakteru, které se dají poměrně snadno změřit (Kinnel, 1993). Rozhodující je stupeň stability půd-ních agregátů pod vlivem energie dopadajících deš-ťových kapek, proto by erozně ohrožená půda neměla zůstat po delší dobu bez vegetačního pokryvu (Kvítek, T...

Effect of Various Compost Doses on the Soil Infiltration Capacity

“…An insuffi cient infi ltration capacity of soil surface limits the percolation of water into the soil and this, in combination with a high intensity of rainfalls (or their longer duration), may become a cause of runoff and of associated negative erosion phenomena (Badalíková & Hrubý, 2010).…”