Following Darwin's trail: Interactions affecting the evolution of plant mating systems

Kariyat, Rupesh R.; Sinclair, Jordan P.; Golenberg, Edward M.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1300157

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mating system variation is a well‐studied aspect of plant evolution, as is evident in the breadth of research presented in this special issue (Kariyat et al, 2013). Floral mechanisms produce a range of mating systems from obligate cross‐fertilization to predominant self‐fertilization in hermaphroditic plant species (Darwin, 1876; Barrett, 2003, 2010; Goodwillie et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactions of hybridization and mating systems: A case study inLeptosiphon(Polemoniaceae)

Goodwillie

Ness

2013

American J of Botany

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactions of hybridization and mating systems: A case study inLeptosiphon(Polemoniaceae)

Goodwillie

Ness

2013

American J of Botany

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“…Morgan, Wilson & Knight ; Lázaro & Totland ) and the relative attractiveness of flowering species to pollinators (Hanoteaux, Tielbörger & Seifan ). In turn, these pollinator‐mediated interactions may affect the evolution of plant mating systems (Fishman & Wyatt ; Kariyat, Sinclair & Golenberg ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative density and dispersion pattern of two southern African Asteraceae affect fecundity through heterospecific interference and mate availability, not pollinator visitation rate

2015

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Summary1. Since co-flowering plants often share pollinators, their fecundity is likely affected by pollen transfer within and among plant species. Changes in pollinator visitation rates (e.g. through facilitation or competition for pollinators) are usually thought to exert the predominant influence on plant fecundity. However, the transfer of conspecific relative to heterospecific pollen between individuals may also play an important role. Indeed, the relative importance of these determinants of fecundity is expected to depend on the density, relative abundance and spatial arrangement of con-and heterospecifics. 2. We investigated the effects of con-and heterospecific density and spatial distribution pattern on pollinator visitation and plant fecundity within and between two annual, self-incompatible co-flowering species [Dimorphotheca pinnata and Ursinia cakilefolia (Asteraceae)] by manipulating their relative abundance, overall patch density and dispersion patterns in experimental arrays in Namaqualand, South Africa. We quantified pollinator visitation rates and fruit set in arrays of varying density and aggregation. This enabled us to determine which mechanism(s) were driving variation of fecundity, particularly through their influence on visitation rates, mate availability and heterospecific pollen interference. To test whether autogamy offers reproductive assurance when individuals are scattered among a dense population of heterospecifics, we included an autogamous species (U. anthemoides) in a separate experiment. 3. We found that increased fecundity with increasing conspecific density was not the result of higher visitation rates, but rather increased mate availability. Furthermore, increased spatial aggregation of conspecifics at low density significantly increased fecundity through reduced heterospecific interference. 4. In contrast to results for self-incompatible species, fruit set in U. anthemoides was consistently high and unaffected by scattered distribution patterns. This suggests that autogamy may offer reproductive assurance when mates are limited and the potential for interspecific pollen transfer (IPT) is high. 5. Synthesis. In this study of annual daisies, variation in fruit set is primarily driven by factors that affect the transfer of conspecific relative to heterospecific pollen, independent of pollinator visitation rate. Our findings demonstrate that mate limitation and IPT negatively affect fruit set and that these effects can be mitigated by intraspecific aggregation and the ability to autonomously self-pollinate.

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“…How else would the world remain green? Indeed, insect herbivores can have serious impacts on plant fitness, plant mating system evolution, and, importantly, on global food production (Oerke, 2005; Kariyat et al, 2013a; Popp et al, 2012). Plants are guarded against herbivores with numerous defense mechanisms that have come to light with the aid of modern genetic and chemistry tools.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plants are Not Sitting Ducks: Teaching Module on Plant Biochemical Interactions with Insects

Smith

Kariyat

2017

Natural Sciences Education

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Core Ideas Plant–caterpillar bioassays are ideal, low‐cost research tools to investigate plant–herbivore interactions and underlying genetic, chemical, and physical aspects of plant biology. We present methods and results for a caterpillar bioassay that was conducted by students in an introductory biology class. This teaching module illustrates: (1) genetic control of plant defense traits in Arabidopsis thaliana, (2) the importance of chemicals in biological/ecological interactions, and (3) the interplay of plant defenses and herbivore responses. The widespread misperception of plants as passive organisms—providing the backdrop against which the more active members of the animal kingdom play out the drama of life—presents both a challenge and an opportunity for integrating plant science into classrooms. The challenge is to show students that plants are, in fact, lively organisms that actively perceive and respond to their environments. And, the opportunity is that understanding plant community interactions can provide students a window onto the hidden complexity of the living world. Here, using ecological knowledge derived from chemical ecology and molecular genetics, we present a hands‐on teaching module that illustrates plants’ defenses at work against insect herbivores with bioassays that can be accomplished without any specialized laboratory equipment. Using caterpillar preference as an indicator of plant defense status, students can observe the differential defense abilities of wild‐type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) lines that vary in their production of defense compounds (glucosinolates). To demonstrate the feasibility of these assays in a biology classroom, we present student‐generated data from experiments that were performed in an undergraduate biology class. We gauged the effectiveness of the teaching module with a Likert survey, which indicated that students enjoyed the investigation and achieved our learning goals with regard to plant biology and ecology. This module can be tailored to different education levels and can effectively elucidate a wide range of basic and advanced life‐science concepts, ranging from the ecology and biochemistry of trophic interactions to adaptation and co‐evolution.

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Following Darwin's trail: Interactions affecting the evolution of plant mating systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Interactions of hybridization and mating systems: A case study inLeptosiphon(Polemoniaceae)

Interactions of hybridization and mating systems: A case study inLeptosiphon(Polemoniaceae)

Relative density and dispersion pattern of two southern African Asteraceae affect fecundity through heterospecific interference and mate availability, not pollinator visitation rate

Plants are Not Sitting Ducks: Teaching Module on Plant Biochemical Interactions with Insects

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