Followed The Regularized Leader (FTRL) prediction model based photovoltaic array reconfiguration for mitigation of mismatch losses in partial shading condition

Abstract

Non-uniform irradiance, for example, partial shading, would affect the performance of the whole Photovoltaic (PV) array and reduce the output power. Since the layout of PV array is also an important factor influencing the performance of PV array, reconfiguration scheme has been researched popularly. Since plenty of array reconfiguration techniques are not realistic to be implemented in reality, in this paper considering the simplicity, robustness and economical aspects, a Followed The Regularized Leader algorithm (FTRL) regression prediction model based switches controlled PV array reconfiguration method is proposed to enhance the power output from solar PV array and alleviate the effects of partial shadings. The proposed scheme has no additional labor and wire requirement, since the proposed connection architecture of PV array involves no complex switch matrix design. Subsequently, to testify the performance of the proposed scheme, simulations with various shades in different PV arrays are made and evaluation parameters, for example, Fill Factor (FF) and mismatch loss are calculated. Furthermore, outdoor experiments are conducted to validate the simulation and the analyses. Besides, extensive analyses of cost analysis and energy savings are given. At last, a comprehensive evaluation is performed to check the quality of the proposed scheme by comparing with various techniques in literature.

Privacy-Cost Optimization of Smart Meters Using URLLC and Demand Side Energy Trading

“…3 FTRL has been successful in highly dynamic problems such as video-ondemand prediction, click-through prediction, and prediction for photovoltaic array reconfiguration [26]. The exploitability of a given strategy profile π can be expressed as…”

Reliability Enhancement of Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading through a Two-Step Module Placement Approach

“…Reconfiguration based on the Follow The Regularized Leader (FTRL) prediction model showed better performance than other dynamic reconfigurations under all the shading scenarios, offering better shade ability [28]. Similarly, another reconfiguration based on the genetic algorithm optimization technique was proposed, and it was found that the GA-based tool was able to work under changing environmental conditions and generate higher power output under all shading cases [29].…”

Dual‐Objective Optimization for Maximizing Photovoltaic Output Power in a Two‐Stage Single‐Phase Grid‐Tied System

“…[ 9 ] To overcome the impact of PSC, an alternative solution called reconfiguration has been introduced in the literature. [ 10 ]…”

“…[9] To overcome the impact of PSC, an alternative solution called reconfiguration has been introduced in the literature. [10] The reconfiguration process rearranges the shaded modules in the array to obtain irradiance equalization (IE), which improves power generation. [11,12] Static PV array reconfiguration (SPVAR) [13] and dynamic PV array reconfiguration (DPVAR) techniques [14,15] aim to distribute the shade throughout the entire PV array.…”