Follow‐up program for blood donors with unconfirmed screening results reveals a high false‐positive rate in Dalian, China

Deng, Xuelian; Zang, Liang; Wang, Xinmei; Chen, Hui; Liu, Jiangdi; Gao, Yong; Xu, Shan; Wang, Li; Fan, Yaxin; Candotti, Daniel; Liang, Xiaohua

doi:10.1111/trf.15656

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Currently, in Mexico, there are no policies oriented to blood donation education, which could encourage the open population to donate altruistically, thus increasing the collection of safe blood. Furthermore, there is a limitation regarding the false positive rate related to the screening technology used [ 9 , 26 , 27 ], which has been reported to be as high as 10.5% for HIV in the case of samples with an S/CO >1, but with low reactivity [ 28 ]. These facts reduce the number of positive-confirmed donors detected as reactive in serological screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV in Blood Donors at a Blood Bank of Western Mexico

et al. 2021

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Obtaining blood which is safe for transfusions is one of the principal challenges in the health systems of developing countries. Supply of contaminated blood increases morbidity, mortality, and the costs of patient care. In Mexico, serological screening is mandatory, but only a few of the main blood banks routinely perform a nucleic acid test (NAT). Data from 80,391 blood donations processed between August 2018 and December 2019 at the Central Blood Bank of the Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) were analyzed. All donors were screened for serological markers and NAT was performed. Reactive donors were followed-up to confirm their results. The number of reactive donors and seroprevalence rates for HIV, HCV, and HBV were 152 (18.91/10,000), 385 (47.89/10,000), and 181 (22.51/10,000), respectively; however, these rates decreased when NAT-confirmed reactive results were considered. Male donors were found to have a higher seroprevalence than females, and younger donors higher than older donors. The present study shows that HIV, HCV, and HBV seroprevalence in blood donors in Western Mexico is low. We propose that Mexico should establish future strategies, including pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), in order to improve blood safety and reduce transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV in Blood Donors at a Blood Bank of Western Mexico

et al. 2021

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“…However, the specificities of such tests are lower than those of NATs and false positive results may be generated owing to crossreactivity between different antigens. [32][33][34] This situation could lead to the discarding of many blood bags, 35,36 the loss of eligible donors and deficiency in the supply of blood. 34 The low number of seronegative samples that were NAT+ detected in the present study (n = 16) is similar to other publications and can be attributed to the low specificity of the serological tests used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32][33][34] This situation could lead to the discarding of many blood bags, 35,36 the loss of eligible donors and deficiency in the supply of blood. 34 The low number of seronegative samples that were NAT+ detected in the present study (n = 16) is similar to other publications and can be attributed to the low specificity of the serological tests used. [35][36][37][38][39] NAT is relevant for the early detection of viral antigens in the stages immediately following infection, while serological tests are important for detecting antigens and antibodies that may take a few days to appear in the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and residual risk associated with viral infections among eligible Brazilian blood donors

Santos,

Rios,

Trindade

et al. 2024

Transfusion Medicine

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Knowledge regarding the profile of eligible blood donors presenting positive results in laboratory screening is essential for reducing transfusion‐transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, predictor variables and residual risk (RR) of HIV/HBV/HCV in blood bags donated in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study analysed data retrieved from the records of a large blood bank relating to donations collected at multiple centres within the period 2012–2018, during which 1 991 120 blood bags were screened using immunoassays and nucleic acid tests (NATs). Multilevel modelling was used to investigate the association between sex, civil status and age group with HIV/HBV/HCV. RR was estimated from the incidence values (restricted to negative and positive tests within the study period) and window periods for infections. The prevalence in first time donors, incidence and RR of HCV (223.73 cases per 100 000; 54.84 per 100 000 persons‐year and 1.6527 per 100 000, respectively) were higher than those of HIV (172.65 cases per 100 000; 28.25 per 100 000 persons‐year and 0.8514 per 100 000) and HBV (168.17 cases per 100 000; 18.54 per 100 000 persons‐year and 0.5588 per 100 000). The odds of acquiring infection were greater in male, single and older donors. Sixteen donors were identified as seronegative and NATs+ during the 7‐year span of the study. Our study has clarified some spatiotemporal trends regarding HIV/HBV/HCV infections in donated blood in Brazil. The results will contribute to the formulation of directives addressed to high‐risk donors.

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“…Blood donors were pre‐qualified with an HBsAg rapid test (95% limit of detection [LoD]: 5 IU/ml). HBV, HCV and HIV infection status in blood donations collected from HBsAg nonreactive donors was determined according to the serological and molecular screening and confirmatory testing algorithms implemented in the Dalian Blood Center 16 . HBV DNA quantification was performed with an in‐house real‐time qPCR assay (95% LoD: 20 IU/ml) 17 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐HBc‐nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults

Deng¹,

Guo²,

Gu³

et al. 2022

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Absence of anti‐HBc reactivity with detectable anti‐HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti‐HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow‐up (range: 2.6–84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti‐HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti‐HBs OBIs differed from anti‐HBc‐reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti‐HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti‐HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti‐HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti‐HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti‐HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow‐up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti‐HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti‐HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain.

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Follow‐up program for blood donors with unconfirmed screening results reveals a high false‐positive rate in Dalian, China

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV in Blood Donors at a Blood Bank of Western Mexico

Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV in Blood Donors at a Blood Bank of Western Mexico

Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and residual risk associated with viral infections among eligible Brazilian blood donors

Anti‐HBc‐nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults

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