Follow-up of Children with Kernicterus in Kano, Nigeria

Farouk, Zubaida Ladan; Muhammed, A. O.; Gambo, Safiya; Mukhtar-Yola, Mariya; Abdullahi, Shehu U.; Slusher, Tina M.

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmx041

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Farouk et al reported abnormal neurological findings in almost 90% of infants returning for follow-up after ABE in their nursery. 61 Olusanya and Somefun, 62 reported ET as a risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss in their community-based study in Nigeria, as did da Silva et al in Brazil. 63 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Burden of severe neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Slusher

Zamora

Appiah

et al. 2017

bmjpo

Self Cite

124

115

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ContextTo assess the global burden of late and/or poor management of severe neonatal jaundice (SNJ), a common problem worldwide, which may result in death or irreversible brain damage with disabilities in survivors. Population-based data establishing the global burden of SNJ has not been previously reported.ObjectiveDetermine the burden of SNJ in all WHO regions, as defined by clinical jaundice associated with clinical outcomes including acute bilirubin encephalopathy/kernicterus and/or exchange transfusion (ET) and/or jaundice-related death.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus and other health databases were searched, without language restrictions, from 1990 to 2017 for studies reporting the incidence of SNJ.Study selection/data extractionStratification was performed for WHO regions and results were pooled using random effects model and meta-regression.ResultsOf 416 articles including at least one marker of SNJ, only 21 reported estimates from population-based studies, with 76% (16/21) of them conducted in high-income countries. The African region has the highest incidence of SNJ per 10 000 live births at 667.8 (95% CI 603.4 to 738.5), followed by Southeast Asian, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific, Americas and European regions at 251.3 (132.0 to 473.2), 165.7 (114.6 to 238.9), 9.4 (0.1 to 755.9), 4.4 (1.8 to 10.5) and 3.7 (1.7 to 8.0), respectively. The incidence of ET per 10 000 live births was significantly higher for Africa and Southeast Asian regions at 186.5 (153.2 to 226.8) and 107.1 (102.0 to 112.5) and lower in Eastern Mediterranean (17.8 (5.7 to 54.9)), Americas (0.38 (0.21 to 0.67)), European (0.35 (0.20 to 0.60)) and Western Pacific regions (0.19 (0.12 to 0.31). Only 2 studies provided estimates of clear jaundice-related deaths in infants with significant jaundice [UK (2.8%) and India (30.8%).ConclusionsLimited but compelling evidence demonstrates that SNJ is associated with a significant health burden especially in low-income and middle-income countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Burden of severe neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Slusher

Zamora

Appiah

et al. 2017

bmjpo

Self Cite

124

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additionally, it is well recognized that the precise level at which bilirubin is neurotoxic is unpredictable. 18,[82][83][84] It is therefore reasonable to postulate that a complex nature-nurture interplay underlies the mechanisms predisposing individuals to ABE and KSD. Several lines of evidence point toward environmental factors as significant risks to disease progression.…”

Section: Acute Encephalopathy Progressing To Ksdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its progression to kernicterus: current perspectives

Usman¹,

Diala²,

Shapiro³

et al. 2018

RRN

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Acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, especially in low-middle-income countries where it can account for up to 15% of neonatal death. The pathophysiology of this acute life-threatening event of infancy and its potential evolution to kernicterus remain poorly understood. In this review, we start by reviewing the terminology of hyperbilirubinemia and its clinical consequences, ABE and later kernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD). We then review the pathogenesis of ABE and discuss clinical factors that can contribute to its pathogenicity. We examine in detail the clinical correlates of ABE and KSD. We present a comprehensive approach to its diagnosis and conclude with a set of simple clinical interventions ranging between primary preventive and rehabilitative measures that may help reduce the incidence of this largely preventable disease.

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“…The neonatal unit may not get the information about the visual status of the children unless caregivers vigorously make attempts to attend follow up (a rarity in developing countries). 41 Recently, the feedback from Ophthalmologists to neonatal units about the few children that have developed blinding ROP seem to have helped sustain the screening for ROP along with interaction in social media groups focused on sharing information on any new case of ROP discovered.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Nigerian neonatologists perception and experience with retinopathy of prematurity

Adio

Aliyu

Balarabe

et al. 2021

J Public Health Afr

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Background: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an avoidable condition that affects premature infants exposed to oxygen stresses at or soon after birth. In low- and middle-income countries, like Nigeria, neonatal mortality rates are high and very few infants live to develop ROP. With recent better care, ROP is now being diagnosed. Objective: This study aimed to characterize what Nigerian neonatologists understand about ROP. Methods: At a joint meeting of Nigerian pediatric ophthalmologists and neonatologists in Kebbi State held 26-29 July 2018, questionnaires collected attendees’ perspective and experience with ROP including causes, risk factors and experiences. Results: Fifty-one neonatologists out of 71 returned a completed questionnaire (response rate: 71.8%). The male:female ratio was 1:1.8, and approximately 40% were aged 41-50 years (n=20, 39.22%). Only 3 (6.39%) had experience managing infants below 500g that survived. A majority managed babies with a mean weight of 913g ± 300.37 and age of 27.87 weeks ±2.37. Most had no access to oxygen monitors (n=39,78%). Most had 10 babies to one monitor and used average settings of 90- 95%. One third had seen a case of ROP (n=15,29.41%). Only 5.88% (n=3) were unaware of uncontrolled oxygen use as a risk factor. Only 4 (8.89%) had a functional screening team. None were aware of local screening guidelines. Conclusions: Regular educational programs, collaborative clinical presentations and webinars about ROP targeted at the neonatologists and parents, including establishment of screening programs across country will likely help reduce the burden of ROP blindness in Nigeria.

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Follow-up of Children with Kernicterus in Kano, Nigeria

Abstract: There is a critical need for a National Kernicterus Registry to document all cases of kernicterus and formulate an effective treatment and prevention policy.

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Burden of severe neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Burden of severe neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its progression to kernicterus: current perspectives

Nigerian neonatologists perception and experience with retinopathy of prematurity

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